6种有机物料对盐化潮土质量和番茄效益的影响  

Effects of six organic materials on salinized aquic soil quality and tomato efficiency

作　　者：毛涛 赵霞 秦嘉海 MAO Tao;ZHAO Xia;QIN Jiahai(Cultivated land Quality Construction Management Station in Zhangye City, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China;College of Agricultural and Ecological Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China)

机构地区：[1]张掖市耕地质量建设管理站,甘肃张掖734000 [2]河西学院农业与生态工程学院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第4期125-136,共12页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省农业农村厅项目(2018GSNYNC012)。

摘　　要：在甘肃省张掖市甘州区三闸镇温室内连续2 a进行了6种有机物料(油菜籽饼肥、鸡粪、猪粪、蘑菇渣、羊粪、牛粪)对盐化潮土质量和番茄效益影响的研究。结果表明:6种有机物料处理土壤容重和pH值随着土壤剖面垂直深度的加深而增大,总孔隙度、水稳性团聚体、总持水量、CEC、有机质、有机碳、有机碳密度、酶活性和重金属含量均随着土壤剖面垂直深度的加深而降低;油菜籽饼肥比其他有机物料更有利于降低盐化潮土容重、pH值和重金属含量,增大孔隙度和团聚体,提高有机质、持水量、酶活性和番茄经济效益,与施用传统化肥比较,0~40 cm土层容重、pH值、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn均值降低8.21%、2.03%、47.72%、60.71%、53.68%、43.47%、35.71%、41.67%,总孔隙度和水稳性团聚体均值增加4.15、5.68个百分点,CEC、总持水量、有机质密度均值增加38.86%、8.41%和47.69%,脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性均值增加72.92%、110.31%、84.03%和100.00%,番茄产量、施肥利润和肥料投资效率增加6.78%、2.48万元·hm^(-2)和5.28元·元^(-1)。施用油菜籽饼肥改善了盐化潮土理化性质,提高了土壤有机质含量、酶活性和番茄效益。In order to solve the problems of the deterioration of salinized aquic soil quality and the poor tomato quality caused by long-term chemical fertilizer application,the effects of six organic materials(rapeseed fertilizer,chicken manure,pig manure,mushroom residue,sheep manure,cow manure)on salinized aquic soil quality and tomato efficiency were studied in greenhouse of Sanzha Town,Ganzhou District,Zhangye City,Gansu Province for two consecutive years.The results showed that the bulk density and pH values of the six organic materials increased with the deepening of vertical depth of soil profile.However,the total porosity,water-stable aggregates,total water holding capacity,CEC,organic matter,organic carbon,organic carbon density,enzyme activity and heavy metal content all decreased with the increase of vertical depth of soil profile.Compared with other organic materials,rapeseed cake fertilizer is more beneficial to reduce the soil bulk density,pH value and heavy metal content of salinization tide,increase porosity and aggregates,improve the organic matter,water holding capacity,enzyme activity and economic benefit of tomato.Compared with traditional chemical fertilizer,the soil bulk density of 0~40 cm soil layer.The mean values of pH,Hg,Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn decreased by 8.21%,2.03%,47.72%,60.71%,53.68%,43.47%,35.71%,41.67%;Total porosity and water-stable aggregates increased by 4.15 and 5.68 percentage points respectively.CEC,total water holding capacity and organic matter density increased by 38.86%,8.41%and 47.69%on average.The mean activities of urease,sucrase,phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase increased by 72.92%,110.31%,84.03%and 100.00%.The yield of tomato,fertilization profit and fertilizer investment efficiency increased by 6.78%,24800 yuan·hm^(-2) and 5.28 yuan·yuan^(-1).The application of rapeseed cake fertilizer improved the physical and chemical properties of salinized aquic soil,and increased the organic matter,enzyme activity and tomato efficiency.

关 键 词：有机物料 盐化潮土 土壤质量 番茄 产量 效益 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]