凝胶基保水缓释尿素的稳定性  

Stability of gel-based water-absorbent slow-release urea

作　　者：何绪生 徐世彦 宛甜[3] HE Xusheng;XU Shiyan;WAN Tian(College of Environment and Resources, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;Fruit Industry Research & Development Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China;Horticulture College, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省果业研究发展中心,陕西西安710018 [3]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第4期142-147,178,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省杨凌农业高新产业示范区科教局项目(2015-TS-21);西北农林科技大学科技推广项目(TGZX2017-29,TGZX2019-17)。

摘　　要：利用共聚法将保水剂和尿素共聚制成一种凝胶基保水缓释尿素肥料,并用热分析法、土壤培养及紫外老化法,结合红外光谱及电子显微镜、吸水倍率考察凝胶基保水缓释尿素的稳定性。热分析结果表明,保水缓释尿素的热稳定性与其材料合成中尿素/保水剂比有关,其配比为0.54∶1和0.44∶1时热稳定较佳。吸水倍率测试表明,保水缓释尿素在土壤培养中释放尿素后,保水剂仍保持吸水、保水特性。红外光谱和电镜观察解析表明,凝胶基保水缓释尿素既释放尿素,又交换吸附了土壤养分和盐分。紫外老化实验结果反映出保水缓释尿素形态及颜色发生了变化,但红外光谱解析表明其保水材料化学结构未改变,仍保有吸水保水和养分缓释的功能。因此,实验合成的凝胶基保水缓释尿素是具有一定稳定性的吸水保水功能的缓/控释肥料,其尿素/保水剂比为0.54∶1和0.44∶1较合理。The stability of the functional controlled-release materials used to slow/controlled-release fertilizer is very important to maintain its function of controlled-release material in soils during a long period of time.In this article,a gel-based water-absorbent slow-release urea fertilizer(WASRNF)was prepared by co-polymerization with SAP(Super Absorbent Polymer)and urea(U).The stability of WASRNF was evaluated by DSC-TGA,soil incubation,ultraviolet aging(UV-aging),IR,ESEM and water-absorbency.The thermal analysis results indicated that thermal stability of WASRNF was related to ratio of U/SAP in WASRNF,the better ratio was 0.54∶1 and 0.44∶1.The water-absorbency indicated that the SAP still had the capability of water-absorbing and water-holding after the urea was released from WASRNF incubated in soils.The analysis of IR and ESEM results also showed that soil nutrients and salts had been adsorbed onto WASRNF after release of urea from WASRNF.The experiment results of UV-aging showed that the morphology and color of WASRNF had changed,however,their IR indicated that the chemical structure of WASRNF had not changed.Thus,the WASRNF still had function of water-absorbing and water-holding and nutrient slow-release.Therefore,the laboratory-made WASRNF was a water-absorbing and water-holding slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer with certain stability.The better ratio of U/SAP in WASRNF was 0.54∶1 and 0.44∶1.

关 键 词：凝胶基保水缓释尿素 稳定性 尿素/保水剂 紫外老化 吸水倍率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]