兼业如何影响农户“一家两制”生产行为?——来自全国5省1458个农户样本的经验证据  

How Does Concurrent BusinessAffect Farmers’Production Behavior of“One Family,Two Systems”?Empirical Evidences from 1458 Household Questionnaires in Five Provinces of China

作　　者：孙治一 孙大鹏 于滨铜 王志刚[1] SUN Zhiyi;SUN Dapeng;YU Bintong;WANG Zhigang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院 [2]东北财经大学创新创业与实验教学中心

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2021年第6期44-59,共16页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“食品安全消费者行为与风险交流策略研究”(编号:71633005);国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国农户‘一户两制’现象的产生、扩散、演变与消亡机制及帕累托效率估算”(编号:71773137);国家自然科学基金应急管理项目“基于目标导向的新型农业支持保护政策体系研究”(编号:71841010)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：兼业作为中国农户家庭经营的重要方式,对“一家两制”生产行为具有重要影响。本文通过构建农户差别化生产的VNM效用模型,从理论上分析了兼业影响“一家两制”的路径与机制,并基于来自吉、辽、鲁、豫、川五个农业大省的1458份农户家庭数据,利用PSM和中介效应模型进行了实证检验。结果表明,兼业通过收入效应和替代效应,促进了农户“一家两制”生产行为。一方面,兼业通过提高农户家庭收入水平,使其更多地关注安全需求,增加了家庭差别化生产行为,即收入效应;另一方面,兼业使农户家庭农业劳动时间被非农劳动时间替代,减少了农户的田间管理劳动时间,在耕地面积不变且食用自种粮的情景下,减少了家庭差别化生产行为,即替代效应。此外,兼业对“一家两制”的影响效应在不同经营情境下存在差异,提高农业生产机械化程度、发展适度规模经营将有助于降低兼业对“一家两制”生产行为的正向影响。据此,本文提出提高农民收入与促进绿色生产并重、发展新型职业农民和巢状市场、加强农业社会化服务等政策建议。As a main way of production and management of Chinese farmers,concurrent business behavior between agricultural production and migrant work has an important impact on their production behavior of“one family,two systems”.By constructing the VNM utility model of farmer households’concurrent occupation and differentiated production,this article theoretically analyzes the path and mechanism of concurrent occupation affecting“one family,two systems”.Based on 1458 farmer households’survey data from Jilin,Liaoning,Shandong,Henan and Sichuan,it conducts an empirical test by using PSM and intermediary effect models.The results show that concurrent business behavior promotes farmers’production behavior of“one family,two systems”,and its effects mainly include income effect and substitution effect.On the one hand,by raising the level of farmer households’income,concurrent business behavior promotes a transformation of their demand from a survival type to a safety one,which further increases differentiated production behavior,that is,the income effect;On the other hand,the agricultural labor time is occupied by the part-time labor time,which reduces farmers’field management labor time.Under the situation that the cultivated land area remains unchanged and farmers mainly consume self-grown grain,the differentiated production behavior will be further reduced,that is,the substitution effect.At the same time,the promotion effect of their concurrent business behavior on“one family,two systems”is different under the different operating characteristics.Improving the mechanization degree of agricultural production and developing moderate scale operation will help to reduce the positive impact of concurrent business on the production behavior of“one family,two systems”.Accordingly,the study puts forward some policy suggestions,such as promoting farmers’food safety production and improving their incomes,developing new professional farmers and nested markets,and strengthening agricultural socialized serv

关 键 词：农户兼业 一家两制 收入效应 替代效应 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]