我国大气本底观测站创新发展的思考和建议  

The innovative development of atmospheric background stations in China: Thoughts and recommendations

作　　者：权维俊 姚波[3] 刘伟东[4] 刘鹏[5] 张晓春[3] 宋庆利 马千里 马志强 乔林 车慧正[8] Weijun Quan;Bo Yao;Weidong Liu;Peng Liu;Xiaochun Zhang;Qingli Song;Qianli Ma;Zhiqiang Ma;Lin Qiao;Huizheng Che(Institute of Urban Meteorology,Beijing 100089,China;Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Beijing 100089,China;Meteorological Observation Centre,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Meteorological Service,Beijing 100089,China;China Global Atmosphere Watch Baseline Observatory,Xining 810001,China;k Longfengshan Regional Atmosphere Watch Station,Wuchang 150200,China;Lin'an Regional Atmosphere Watch Station,Lin'an 311300,China;Institute of Atmospheric Composition,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京城市气象研究院,北京100089 [2]京津冀环境气象预报预警中心,北京100089 [3]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [4]北京市气象局,北京100089 [5]中国大气本底基准观象台,西宁810001 [6]龙凤山区域大气本底站,五常150200 [7]临安区域大气本底站,临安311300 [8]中国气象科学研究院大气成分研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第19期2367-2377,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0504002);北京市气象局2019软科学重点课题([2019]Z02)资助。

摘　　要：大气本底监测是指在远离人类活动影响的地方对经过充分混合的、不受局地污染影响的大气成分进行长期定点的观测.由于大气本底监测能在全球或区域尺度上反映出人类活动所造成的大气成分的长期变化,因此对社会经济建设和科学研究等都具有非常重要的作用[1~3].自20世纪50年代开始,国外的一些观测台站进行了二氧化碳、臭氧及大气重金属等主要大气成分的本底观测[4~8].Atmospheric background monitoring refers to the long-term observation of atmospheric composition that is well mixed and not affected by local pollution at a fixed location which is far from the influence of human activities. Atmospheric background monitoring can reflect the long-term changes of atmospheric composition caused by human activities on a global or regional scale. Therefore, it plays a very important role in both socioeconomic development and scientific research. Since the 1950 s, some observation stations abroad have carried out background observation of the main atmospheric components such as carbon dioxide, ozone and atmospheric heavy metals. Additionally, the Global Ozone Observing System(GO3OS) and the Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network(BAPMoN) were established by the World Meteorological Organization(WMO) in 1957 and 1968 to fulfill long-term and continuous observation of the chemical constituents of reactive gases, greenhouse gases, aerosols and acid rain. In 1989, WMO integrated GO3OS and BAPMoN into the Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW). WMO/GAW has achieved great accomplishments owing to its long-term, systematic and accurate observation of the physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric composition. During the period of 1981 to 2007, China Meteorological Administration(CMA) has built six representative regional GAW(Global Atmosphere Watch) stations, i.e., Shangdianzi(117.12°E, 40.65°N, 293.3 m asl), Lin’an(119.75°E, 30.28°N, 138.6 m asl), Longfengshan(127.60°E, 44. 73°N, 331 m asl), Akedala(87.93°E, 47.10°N, 562 m asl), Shangri-La(99.73°E, 28.01°N, 3580 m asl), and Jinsha(114.2°E, 29.63°N, 750 m asl), following the construction criteria of the GAW regional background stations. In addition, in accordance with the requirements of GAW global background station site selection, the Chinese government and the UN Global Environmental Facility(GEF) jointly invested and established a global GAW station in China, namely, the China GAW Baseline Observatory(CGAWBO), located at

关 键 词：大气成分 社会经济建设 观测台站 大气本底 思考和建议 人类活动影响 二氧化碳 区域尺度 

分 类 号：P41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]