保险合同条款不利于保险人解释原则的适用与司法实践  

Application and Judicial Practice of the Unfavorable Interpretation Principle Against Insurers of Insurance Clauses

作　　者：陈见博 CHEN JIANBO(Zhejiang Gongshang University Student of School of Finance,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《西安电子科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期78-82,共5页Journal of Xidian University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目(批准号20YJA810007);江苏省社科基金项目(批准号:16ZZB005);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目“普惠金融体系对城乡居民收入差距的影响研究——基于数字普惠和传统普惠的交互影响视角”(项目编号:202010353017)。

摘　　要：司法实践中,保险合同不利于保险人解释原则适用混乱给保险人和被保险人都产生了许多不利影响,如难以读懂不利于保险人解释原则之背后逻辑,不能对个案进行充分分析,则无法充分掌握保险合同不利于保险人解释原则,必然造成保险行业之混乱。根据我国《保险法》规定,在适用不利规则之前,应先判断是否能按“通常理解”解释格式条款,其次再适用不利于保险人解释原则。但笔者认为,在适用不利于保险人解释原则之前还应判断保险人是否本可以合理、清楚地起草保险条款而不为,违背被保险人的合理期待。本文旨在点明不利于保险人解释原则适用的同时,对个案进行分析,总结出普遍司法实践的错误所在,重新澄清不利于保险人解释原则的背后逻辑和推理导向。In judicial practice,the confusion in the application of the unfavorable interpretation principle against insurers has produced many adverse effects on both the insurer and the insured.If we can not fully understand the logic behind the unfavorable interpretation principle against insurers,then we can not fully analyze the case,and impossible to fully master the principle,which will inevitably cause confusion in the insurance industry.According to the"Insurance Law"in our country,it is necessary to judge whether the standard terms can be interpreted according to the"common understanding",before applying the unfavorable interpretation principle against insurers.However,before applying the unfavorable interpretation principle against insurers,author believes that it should be judged whether the insurer could have drafted the insurance clauses reasonably and clearly without violating the reasonable expectations of the insured.This article aims to point out the application of the unfavorable interpretation principle against insurers,and at the same time analyze the case,summarize the mistakes of the general judicial practice,re-clarify the logic and reasoning behind the unfavorable interpretation principle against insurers.

关 键 词：不利于保险人解释原则 保险法 格式条款 赔偿责任 合理期待 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]