sncRNAs调控植入前胚胎母源因子降解机制的研究进展  

Progress on the snc RNAs Regulation of the Maternal Factors Clearance Mechanism in Preimplantation Embryoes

作　　者：邵静 许保增[1] SHAO Jing;XU Bao-zeng(Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130112,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林长春130112

出　　处：《特产研究》2021年第4期102-109,共8页Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research

基　　金：吉林省自然科学基金(20190201170JC);国家自然科学基金(31772606)。

摘　　要：受精卵的早期卵裂由卵母细胞储存的母源因子主导。在母源-合子转换(maternal-to-zygotic transition,MZT)过程中,母源因子发生大规模降解,胚胎需要激活自身基因组来支持后续发育,这一过程也被称为合子基因组激活(zygotic genome activation,ZGA)。但目前对于调控母源因子降解的分子机制尚不清楚。已有研究表明小分子非编码RNA(small non-coding RNA,sncRNA)[如微小RNA(microRNA)、与PIWI蛋白相互作用的RNA(piRNA)和小干扰RNA(siRNA)]可以靶向母源mRNA,在很多物种的合子基因组激活前后抑制其转录或者通过募集CCR4-NOT等脱腺苷酸化酶复合体缩短母源mRNA的多聚腺苷酸尾从而降解细胞质中的母源因子。结果表明sncRNAs通过调控胚胎母源因子的降解参与母源-合子转换机制。本文综述了sncRNAs在MZT过程中对母源因子清除起到的生物学作用,为深入了解早期胚胎的发育机制提供参考。The early cleavage of fertilized eggs is dominated by the maternal factors stored in oocytes.In the process of the maternal-tozygotic transition(MZT),maternal factors are degraded on a large scale.Embryoes need to activate their own genome to support the subsequent development.This process is called zygotic genome activation(ZGA).Moreover,at present,the molecular mechanism of the regulating the maternal factors clearance is not clear.Previous studies have shown that small non-coding RNA(sncRNA),for example,microRNA(miRNA),small interference RNA(siRNA)and Piwi-interacting RNA(piRNA),can target maternal mRNA to inhibit its transcription around the time of zygotic genome activation in many species,or eliminate maternal factors in the cytoplasm by recruiting deadenylase complexes such as CCR4-NOT.These results prove that sncRNAs participates in the mechanism of maternal-to-zygotic transition by regulating the degradation of maternal factors.This review describes the biological role of sncRNAs in the elimination of maternal factors of MZT,and provides a reference for further understanding for the developmental mechanism of early embryoes.

关 键 词：合子基因组激活 母源-合子转换 小分子非编码RNA 母源mRNA 

分 类 号：S813[农业科学—畜牧学]