墨煤染脊与泥脊白道——兼论宋元时期的屋脊脊身装饰  

Black Coal Painted Rooftop Ridges and White-Coated Clay Rooftop Ridges:A Study of Roof Ridge Decoration During the Song and Yuan Periods

作　　者：王子奇 Wang Ziqi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京市100872

出　　处：《考古》2021年第6期114-120,共7页Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“隋唐宋元时期瓦作遗存的考古学研究”(批准号18CKG019)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：中国古代建筑屋面的转折处或屋面与墙面等的交接处,在屋面工程中是一个关键部位,由此产生了屋脊,着意使用瓦(或砖)、灰等材料做成砌筑物。除了具有防水的功能以外,屋脊很早就开始具有一定的装饰作用,并由此引发出一定的等级意义。一方面,屋脊勾勒出了建筑的整体轮廓,有较强的艺术效果;另一方面,随着古代建筑的发展,逐渐在屋脊上施用兼具构造和装饰功能的脊饰^([1])。Through analysis of building process traces left on the surface of unearthed roof tiles during the Song and Yuan periods,along with analysis of ground-surface architecture,historical documents,and imagery,this study points out that traces of black pigment on roof tiles are likely the marks of painting with black coals on roof ridge tiles.Building upon this observation,decorative painting techniques using black and white pigments on roof ridge tiles during the Song and Yuan periods are also analyzed.Three types of roof tiles were produced during the Song and Yuan periods:glazed roof tiles,pale green-colored roof tiles,and plain roof tiles.This study also preliminarily discusses decorative techniques for different kinds of roof ridge tiles during the Song and Yuan periods,based on other lines of evidence.

关 键 词：墨煤染脊 泥脊白道 垒脊瓦 太子城遗址 《营造法式》 

分 类 号：TU238[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] K879.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K244[历史地理—历史学] K247