陕西某硝化棉生产企业职业病危害因素识别及防护措施评价  

Identification of occupational hazard factors and evaluation of protective measures in a nitrocotton production Enterprise in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：纪明睿 刘振雯 黄欣雨 王嘉欣 潘艳芳[2] 齐宝宁 JI Ming-rui;LIU Zhen-wen;HUANG Xin-yu;WANG Jia-xin;PAN Yan-fang;QI Bao-ning(Department of Public Health,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi,712046,China;Basic Medical College,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi,712046,China;School Hospital,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi,712046,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学公共卫生学院,陕西咸阳712046 [2]陕西中医药大学基础医学院,陕西咸阳712046 [3]陕西中医药大学校医院,陕西咸阳712046

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第11期1441-1445,1450,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：陕西省中医药管理局科研项目(2019-ZZ-ZC012);咸阳市2019年科技成果推广计划项目(2019KT-24);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020SF-343)。

摘　　要：目的了解陕西某硝化棉生产企业可能存在的职业病危害因素以及生产中所采取的防护措施,为该企业职业病危害控制提出相关建议。方法依据国家相关的标准和规范,采用现场调查和卫生检测等方法于2020年6—8月对陕西某硝化棉生产企业的职业病危害因素及其防护措施进行调查与评价。结果陕西某硝化棉生产企业生产过程中主要存在的职业病危害因素有生产性粉尘(棉尘、矽尘、石灰石粉尘、其他粉尘等)、生产性毒物(硫酸、二氧化氮、氨、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、氢氧化钠)和噪声。生产性粉尘中棉尘、矽尘(总尘)、矽尘(呼尘)、石灰石粉尘(总尘)、石灰石粉尘(呼尘)、其他粉尘(硝化棉)、其他粉尘(硝基漆片)时间加权平均容许浓度分别为0.20、0.10、0.05、0.03、0.02、0.20~1.90和0.40 mg/m^(3),超限倍数分别为0.4~1.0、0.3~1.9、0.5~1.1、0.1、0.1、0.1~0.5和0.1~0.2,检测结果均符合职业接触限值要求;生产性毒物中硫酸、二氧化氮、氨、一氧化碳、二氧化硫时间加权平均容许浓度分别为0.04~0.20、0.02~0.30、0.30、0.02和0.30 mg/m^(3),短时间接触容许浓度分别为0.20~0.70、0.03~1.40、2.10~5.30、0.40和<0.70 mg/m^(3),氢氧化钠最高容许浓度为0.40 mg/m^(3),检测结果均符合职业接触限值要求;噪声超标岗位1个,接触噪声8 h等效声级为89.7 dB(A)。结论陕西某硝化棉生产企业在生产期间所接触的生产性粉尘和生产性毒物的职业病危害因素与该企业采取的防护措施均符合国家职业卫生要求,但在噪声职业病危害因素的防护与应急救援设施方面仍需要进一步改进与完善。Objective To understand the possible occupational hazard factors and the protective measures taken in the production of a nitrocotton production enterprise in Shaanxi Province,put forward relevant suggestions for the occupational hazard control of the enterprise.Methods The occupational disease inductive factors and protective measures of a nitrocotton production enterprise in Shaanxi Province were investigated and evaluated from June to August 2020 according to relevant national standards and norms by means of on-site investigation and sanitary testing.Results The main occupational disease inductive factors in the production process of a nitrocotton production enterprise in Shaanxi Province included production dust(cotton dust,silica dust,limestone dust,other dust),production toxicants(sulfuric acid,nitrogen dioxide,ammonia,carbon monoxide,sulfur dioxide,sodium hydroxide)and noise.Among the productive dust,the time-weighted average allowable concentrations of cotton dust,silica dust(total dust),silica dust(respirable dust),limestone dust(total dust),limestone dust(respirable dust),other dust(nitrocotton)and other dust(nitrocellulost)were respectively 0.20,0.10,0.05,0.03,0.02,0.20-1.90 and 0.40 mg/m^(3),while the overlimit multiples were respectively 0.4-1.0,0.3-1.9,0.5-1.1,0.1,0.1,0.1-0.5 and 0.1-0.2,and the test results all met the requirements of occupational exposure limits.Among the production toxicants,the time-weighted average allowable concentrations of sulfuric acid,nitrogen dioxide,ammonia,carbon monoxide,and sulfur dioxide were respectively 0.04-0.2,0.02-0.3,0.30,0.02 and 0.30 mg/m^(3),the allowable concentrations of short-time contact were respectively 0.20-0.70,0.03-1.40,2.10-5.30,0.40 and<0.70 mg/m^(3),the maximum allowable concentration of sodium hydroxide was 0.40 mg/m^(3),and the test results all met the requirements of occupational exposure limits.There was one post with excessive noise,and the equivalent sound level of 8 h exposure noise was 89.7 dB(A).Conclusion The occupational disease induct

关 键 词：硝化棉 职业病 危害因素识别 防护措施评价 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]