一起变质鲣鱼引起的组胺食物中毒事件调查  

Investigation on a histamine food poisoning incident caused by deteriorated bonito

作　　者：刘士俊[1] LIU Shi-jun(Department of Health Surveillance,Haizhu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou City,Guangzhou Guangdong,510288,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市海珠区疾病预防控制中心卫生监测科,广东广州510288

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第11期1556-1559,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的查明在广州市海珠区某公司发生的食物中毒原因,及时采取针对性干预措施,为类似中毒的防控工作提供参考依据。方法搜索2019年10月21—23日进食某公司饭堂食品后出现类似组胺中毒症状的人员。以现场访谈方法收集患者发病前就餐信息及临床资料;以现场卫生学调查方法查找可疑中毒食物;采集留样食物和可疑中毒食物原料及病例标本等样品进行检测分析,确定致病因素。结果该公司员工共有7人发病。病例均食用了红烧鲣鱼,中毒症状主要表现为过敏性症状,潜伏期为0.75~3.50 h,符合组胺中毒表现,罹患率为8.75%。在剩余食物红烧鲣鱼检出组胺含量为533 mg/100 g,是国家规定限量标准的13.3倍。结论此次事件是因食用组胺含量超标的红烧鲣鱼引起的组胺中毒。建议政府部门推进鱼类组胺监测、风险评估和干预工作,深化对高组胺鱼类售卖的监管,进一步加强预防组胺食物中毒的宣传教育。Objective To identify the causes of food poisoning in a company in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City,take timely targeted intervention measures,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of similar poisoning.Methods The persons with similar symptoms of histamine poisoning were collected among those who had eaten the food provided by a company canteen from October 21 to 23,2019.On-the-spot interview method was used to collect the dining information and clinical data of the patients before the onset of the disease,and on-the-spot hygiene investigation method was used to find out the suspected poisoned food.The remaining food,raw materials of suspected poisoning food and samples of patients were collected for detection and analysis,to determine the pathogenic factors.Results A total of seven employees of the company were ill.The patients all ate fried bonito in brown sauce.The main poisoning symptoms were allergic symptoms,with an incubation period of 0.75-3.50 hours,which were consistent with the characteristics of histamine poisoning.The attack rate was 8.75%.The histamine content of the remaining fried bonito in brown sauce was 533 mg/100 g,which was 13.3 times of the national limit.Conclusion The incident is due to histamine poisoning caused by the consumption of bonito with excessive histamine content.It is suggested that the government should promote the monitoring,risk assessment and intervention of histamine in fish,deepen the supervision of the sale of high histamine fish,and further strengthen the publicity and education on the prevention of histamine food poisoning.

关 键 词：组胺 食物中毒 鲣鱼 监督管理 健康教育 食品安全 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]