高空环境下喷嘴参数对航空活塞发动机燃烧与性能的影响  

Effects of combustion and performance of compression-ignition aero piston engine with different nozzle parameters in the high-altitude environment

作　　者：徐劲松[1] 聂珂 沈颖刚 黄国勇[1] XU Jinsong;NIE Ke;SHEN Yinggang;Huang Guoyong(Faculty of Civil Aviation and Aeronautics,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Faculty of Transportation Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;City College,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学民航与航空学院,昆明650500 [2]昆明理工大学交通工程学院,昆明650500 [3]昆明理工大学城市学院,昆明650051

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2021年第6期1222-1233,共12页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61863017)。

摘　　要：以一台四缸四冲程压燃式航空煤油活塞发动机为研究机型,运用工程系统高级建模和仿真平台软件(AMESim)仿真软件建立了发动机的整机模型,并使用台架实验的采集数据对该仿真模型进行了验证。在高空环境中,仿真分析了飞行器起飞工况、最大巡航工况下发动机喷油器的不同喷孔数、孔径对发动机燃烧过程、性能和NOx排放特性的影响。计算结果表明:稳态工况下,随着喷孔数的增加,最高燃烧压力和温度增加,瞬时放热率增长速度快且峰值上升;同时,缸内预混燃烧得到强化,燃烧始点提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期缩短,燃烧重心前移,循环热效率增高,但同时会提高NOx的生成量;在飞行器瞬态变海拔的起飞工况下,多喷孔数、小孔径的喷油嘴有利于航空活塞发动机在高空环境下恢复发动机功率,提升飞行器的动力性和续航性能。Taking a four-cylinder compression-ignition aero kerosene piston engine as the research model, AMESim(advanced modeling environment for performing simulation of engineering systems) simulation software was used to establish the engine model, and the simulation model was verified with the data collected from the engine bench test. In the high-altitude environment, the influence relationship of the combustion characteristic, performances and NOx emission characteristics of the engine between different nozzles and diameters’ injector schemes under the takeoff condition and the maximum cruising condition of the aircraft was simulated and analyzed. The results showed that, under steady-state conditions, the maximum combustion pressure and temperature increased with the increasing numbers of nozzle-hole, and the heat release rates also increased rapidly with the peak value. In addition, when the premixed-combustion in the cylinder was strengthened and the combustion starting point was advanced, the ignition delay period and combustion duration were shortened, the combustion center moved forward, and the cycling thermal efficiency was higher, but the NOx emission was increased. Under the takeoff condition of the aircraft with the transient altitude change, multi-holes and small-diameters of fuel nozzle were conducive to the recovery of engine power in the high-altitude environment, improving the dynamics and the continuous flying performance of aircraft.

关 键 词：压燃式航空活塞发动机 不同喷孔数和孔径 高空环境 燃烧过程 排放和性能 

分 类 号：V231[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TK46.1[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]