黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区沼泽中的野生种子植物组成与区系分析  

Composition and Floristic Characteristics of Wild Seed Plants in the Marshes in Sanjiang National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：潘媛 姜明[1] 丛小丽 薛振山[1] 刘波[1] 张文广[1] 焦健 赵琬婧 王瑜 原卉 PAN Yuan;JIANG Ming;CONG Xiaoli;XUE Zhenshan;LIU Bo;ZHANG Wenguang;JIAO Jian;ZHAO Wanjing;WANG Yu;YUAN Hui(Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,P.R.China;College of History and Culture,Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130032,Jilin,P.R.China;Bureau of Heilongjiang Sanjiang National Nature Reserve,Jiamusi 156500,Heilongjiang,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]长春师范大学历史文化学院,吉林长春130032 [3]黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区管理局,黑龙江佳木斯156500

出　　处：《湿地科学》2021年第3期342-352,共11页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771108)资助。

摘　　要：2020年5月至8月期间,在黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区的沼泽中,采用样方调查方法,进行了两次野生种子植物野外调查,研究野生种子植物的组成及其区系特征。研究结果表明,在该保护区的沼泽中,共有野生种子植物56科141属251种(含4变种),占东北湿地野生种子植物总物种数的33.6%;其中,野大豆(Glycine soja)和莲(Nelumbo nucifera)为国家二级保护植物物种,十字兰(Habenaria schindleri)、貉藻(Aldrovanda vesiculosa)、水车前(Ottelia alismoides)和条叶龙胆(Gentiana manshurica)是濒危或易危物种;含物种数量较多的科为莎草科(Cyperaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和蓼科(Polygonaceae),含物种数量较多的属为薹草属(Carex)、蓼属(Polygonum)、灯心草属(Juncus)、眼子菜属(Potamogeton)、柳属(Salix)和剪股颖属(Agrostis);该保护区沼泽中的野生种子植物的地理成分包含了17种分布区类型和17种亚型,其中,有154种植物具有温带属性,有56种植物具有寒带属性,表明三江国家级自然保护区沼泽中的野生种子植物除了具有典型的温带分布属性外,还与寒带分布属性有一定联系,具有温带和寒带分布属性的野生种子植物的物种数量占该保护区湿地中野生种子植物总物种数量的83.67%,反映了该保护区位于中国中温带偏北位置的特点,另外,该保护区的沼泽中也渗透有少量热带分布属性的野生种子植物。From May to August in 2020, two field surveys were conducted in Sanjiang National Nature Reserve to study the composition and floristic characteristics of wild seed plants in the marshes. The results showed that there were 251 species belonging to 141 genera and 56 families, which accounted for 33.6% of the total species number of wild seed plants in Northeastern China. Two species of national secondary protected plants, Glycine soja and Nelumbo nucifera, were recorded. In addition, Habenaria schindleri,Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Ottelia alismoides and Gentiana manshurica were endangered or vulnerable. The families with more species were Cyperaceae, Compositae, Gramineae and Polygonaceae. The genera with more species were Carex, Polygonum, Juncus, Potamogeton, Salix and Agrostis, accounting for 23.9% of the total species. There were 17 types and 17 subtypes of wild seed plants. The 154 species of them are characterized by the feature of temperate zone, whereas 56 species are characterized by the feature of cold zone, suggesting the relationship between the plants and the polar cold zone. The number of species with the feature of temperate and cold zone accounted for 83.67% of total wild plant sepecies, which reflected Sanjiang National Nature Reserve located in the north of middle temperate zone in China. In addition, some species of tropical zone existed in this area.

关 键 词：野生种子植物 植物区系 沼泽 三江国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q949.4[生物学—植物学] P343.4[天文地球—水文科学]