基于COⅠ-D-loop-ITS1序列的4个稻田养殖鲤群体遗传多样性研究  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of 4 Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Populations Farmed in Paddy Field Based on COⅠ-D-loop-ITS1 Sequence

作　　者：刘志刚[1] 卢迈新[1] 曹建萌[1] 衣萌萌[1] 王淼[1] 高风英[1] 可小丽[1] 王广军[1] LIU Zhi-Gang;LU Mai-Xin;CAO Jian-Meng;YI Meng-Meng;WANG Miao;GAO Feng-Ying;KE Xiao-Li;WANG Guang-Jun(Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广州510380

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2021年第7期1322-1331,共10页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-46);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515010852);广州市科技计划项目(201904010304);广东省促进经济发展专项资金(现代渔业发展用途)项目(粤农2019B3)。

摘　　要：鱼类遗传多样性与其环境适应能力和遗传进化潜能密切相关。为了了解我国华南地区稻田养殖鲤不同地理群体的遗传背景,通过PCR扩增细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ,COⅠ)-线粒体控制区(displacement loop region,D-loop)-内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer 1,ITS1)串联序列和序列比对,分析了4个鲤(Cyprinus carpio)群体(广东连南(LN),广东乳源(RY),广西金边鲤(JB),广西三江(SJ))的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果表明:COⅠ-D-loop-ITS1串联序列长度为1842 bp,共检测到71个变异位点(包括28个单变异位点和43个简约信息位点)和33种单倍型,JB和RY群体的单倍型较多(各为11种),各群体间无共享单倍型。LN群体的单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity,Hd)最高(0.824),JB群体的核苷酸多样性(nucleotide diversity,Pi)最大(0.00278),SJ群体的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性均为最低(Hd=0.662;Pi=0.00056)。遗传差异分析结果表明,SJ与JB群体之间的遗传距离最小(0.0046),LN与RY群体之间的遗传距离最大(0.0087),各群体间遗传分化显著(FST(F-statistics)>0.25,P<0.01)。分子方差分析(analysis of molecular variance,AMOVA)结果表明,群体间变异占总变异的70.65%。个体系统进化树表明COⅠ-D-loop-ITS1序列能够将4个鲤鱼群体的个体完全区分开,优于单个基因的聚类效果。种群系统进化树中SJ与JB群体先聚为一小支,再与RY群体聚为一大支,而LN群体独立聚为一支。综上所述,4个稻田养殖鲤群体单倍型多样性较高,核苷酸多样性较低,群体间分化显著,应作为4个进化显著单元分别进行种质资源保护与利用。本研究揭示了我国华南地区4个稻田养殖鲤鱼群体的遗传结构和亲缘关系,丰富了稻田鲤鱼种群种质资源的基础资料,可为其种质保存、开发与利用奠定理论基础。The genetic diversity of fish is closely correlated with its environmental adaptability and genetic evolution potential. In order to reveal the genetic background of different geographical populations of common carp(Cyprinus carpio) raised in paddy field, the genetic diversity and genetic structure of four populations of carp(Guangdong Liannan population(LN), Guangdong Ruyuan population(RY), Guangxi C.carpio var. Jinbian population(JB), Guangxi Sanjiang population(SJ)) were analyzed based on PCR amplification and sequence alignment of CO Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ)-D-loop(displacement loop region)-ITS1(internal transcribed spacer 1) sequences. The results showed that there were 71 polymorphic sites in the 1 842 bp COⅠ-D-loop-ITS1 sequences of four populations of carp, including 28 singleton variable sites and 43 parsimony informative sites, a total of 33 haplotypes were found in four populations of carp and11 haplotypes were found in both JB and RY population. There were no shared haplotypes among the four popultions of carp. The haplotype diversity of LN population(Hd=0.824) and the nucleotide diversity of JB population(Pi=0.002 78) were the highest in the four populations. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of SJ population(Hd=0.662;Pi=0.000 56) were the lowest in the four populations. The results of genetic difference analysis showed that the genetic distance between SJ and JB populations was the smallest(0.004 6), while it was the largest between LN and RY populations(0.008 7). The genetic differentiation among these four populations were significant(FST>0.25, P<0.01). Molecular variance(AMOVA) analysis results indicated that a high proportion of the total genetic variance was attributable to variations among populations(70.65%). Individual phylogenetic tree constructed based on COⅠ-D-loop-ITS1 sequences could completely separate all the individuals of four populations, which had a better clustering effect than the individual phylogenetic tree constructed based on single gene(COⅠ,

关 键 词：鲤 稻渔共作 遗传多样性 线粒体DNA 核DNA 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]