恶性实体瘤患儿放疗期间症状发生现状的调查及分析  

Investigation and analysis of multiple symptoms in children and adolescents with malignant solid tumors during radiotherapy

作　　者：刘砚燕 孙晶[2] LIU Yanyan;SUN Jing(School of Nursing,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学护理学院,上海市200025 [2]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院肿瘤科

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2021年第7期1009-1013,共5页Chinese Nursing Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(71704106)。

摘　　要：目的:调查恶性实体瘤患儿放疗期间的症状现状及其负担。方法:采用便利抽样选取2018年10月至2019年12月在上海市某三级甲等医院放射科正在接受放疗的5~18岁恶性实体瘤患儿进行调查,通过人口学及疾病相关资料问卷及回忆症状评估量表(MSAS)评估恶性实体瘤患儿在放疗期间的症状。结果:128名患儿各症状的发生率为13.3%~71.9%,发生率排前5的症状依次为恶心或感觉想吐、头发变少、缺乏体力或活力、呕吐、口干。症状负担排前5位依次为头发变少、恶心或感觉想吐、缺乏体力或活力、呕吐、没有食欲,1周内未进行化疗的患儿的生理症状负担、总困扰指数及MSAS总分均少于1周内同步进行化疗的患儿(P<0.01),年龄、性别、疾病类型对各维度症状负担的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:恶性实体瘤患儿放疗期间受到多种不良症状的困扰,特别是同步进行化疗的患儿,医护人员应针对不同放疗阶段患儿症状体验及负担给予相应的症状管理指导。Objective:To describe the experiences and burden of children with solid tumors during radiotherapy.Methods:By convenient sampling,a total of 128 children aging 5-18 years old with solid tumors undergoing radiotherapy were recruited from the radiology department of a tertiary hospital in Shanghai from October 2018 to December 2019.The questionnaires including the general information questionnaire and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale(MSAS)were used to evaluate the various symptoms of tumor patients during radiotherapy.Results:The incidence of symptoms ranged from 13.3%to 71.9%,of which the top five were nausea,hair loss,lack of energy,vomiting and dry mouth and the top 5 symptom burden were hair loss,nausea,lack of energy,vomiting and no appetite.The average scores of physical symptoms,global distress index and MSAS score in children who did not receive chemotherapy in the past week were significantly less than those of children receiving chemotherapy in the last week(P<0.01).Effects of age,gender,and disease type on the symptom burden in all dimensions showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusion:Children with solid tumors suffer from a variety of adverse symptoms during radiotherapy,especially those who undergo chemotherapy at the same time.Medical staff should focus on giving targeted guidance based on the symptoms and burden of the children during radiotherapy.

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 恶性实体瘤 放疗 多症状 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] R197[医药卫生—临床医学]