从“亚太”到“印太”:批判地缘政治学视角下美国亚太战略的调整  

From“Asia-Pacific”to“Indo-Pacific”:America’s Shifting Asia Pacific Strategy from a Perspective of Critical Geopolitics

作　　者：曾向红[1,2] 张少文[2] Zeng Xianghong;Zhang Shaowen

机构地区：[1]兰州大学中亚研究所 [2]兰州大学政治与国际关系学院

出　　处：《当代亚太》2021年第3期4-38,167,共36页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘颜色革命’的发生、扩散与应对研究”(项目编号:19BGJ051)的阶段性成果;兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(项目编号:21lzujbkyjd002,21lzujbkyjh002)的资助。

摘　　要：特朗普政府上台后,将美国在亚太地区的战略表述从"亚太"转变为"印太"。文章尝试从批判地缘政治学入手,将美国的"亚太"与"印太"战略进行比较,考察美国关于亚太地区地缘政治想象的变迁及其动力。通过考察可以发现,从"亚太"到"印太"的战略转变反映了美国对华战略从"L形布防"到"半嘴形包围"的转变,以及特朗普政府企图通过全方位竞争以重建美国在各个领域的霸权、通过改变自我认同与巩固和扩大西方式自由民主国家联盟以重塑大国身份和信心、通过寻找战略支点以重构关键地缘政治空间这三个方面的战略诉求。拜登政府上台后,已然继承并强化了特朗普政府的"印太"战略,这意味着美国与中国在"印太"地区乃至全球舞台的战略博弈必将长期持续。为维护中国的国家利益、有效应对美国的"印太"战略,中国应提升中华文明的影响力、涵养大国心态,采取社会创造策略寻求身份和承认,依托"一带一路"倡议进行谋篇布局。若"冰上丝绸之路""一带一路"倡议等规划能够持续顺利推进,便可有效破解美国通过"印太"战略围堵中国的图谋。This article attempts to compare the strategic thinking behind the concepts of"Asia-Pacific"and"Indo-Pacific",drawing on theories of critical geopolitics.Such an exercise seeks to understand the trajectory of change in and the driving factors behind shifting U.S.geopolitical thinking vis-à-vis its strategy towards the region.Through this exercise,we identify that the shift from"Asia-Pacific"to"Indo-Pacific"strategy reflects the U.S.strategy towards China has transformed what we term an"L-shaped flank"into a"half-mouth encirclement".This shift reflects three strategic aspirations of Trump Administration:rebuilds U.S.hegemony in all fields through comprehensive competition with China;re-molds its own self-identity and consolidates and expands the alliance of Western-style liberal democracies,further aims to project its confidence as a great power;and establishes strategic pivotal states,while reconstructing essential geopolitical space.As the Biden Administration took office,it both inherited and enhanced Trump’s"Indo-Pacific"strategy,implying that U.S.-China strategic competition in the"Indo-Pacific"region and on the global stage more broadly will continue over the long term.

关 键 词：美国亚太战略 “印太”战略 批判地缘政治学 L形布防 半嘴形包围 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]