马克思政治经济学批判思想缘起及其发展逻辑  

The Origin of Marx’s Critique of Political Economy and Its Developmental Logic

作　　者：张雄[1] Zhang Xiong

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2021年第6期5-11,127,共8页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：马克思的政治经济学批判既是思辨的政治经济学,更是一种深刻的社会存在论追问,旨在追求无产阶级经济社会发展的"政治和哲学的实现"。对马克思政治经济学批判思想的梳理,是当前我国马克思主义哲学研究值得关注的领域。它关涉两个重要问题:一是如何从西方现代性学术背景视角,思考马克思唯物史观生成与现代性批判逻辑相互勾连问题,由此而提出更深层次的马克思政治经济学批判思想的缘起问题;二是关于马克思政治经济学批判思想史研究,主要求证唯物史观发展逻辑与政治经济学批判逻辑的相互一致性。本文重点分析苏格兰启蒙运动与西方现代性逻辑生成、英国古典政治经济学的学术影响以及19世纪反思批判时代的政治经济学批判思潮兴起等学术背景,深究马克思政治经济学批判思想缘起的根本原因。在此基础上,对马克思政治经济学批判思想史进行梳理,尝试着从六个阶段、六个马克思政治经济学批判核心思想命题展开,其中关于市民社会决定国家、劳动与资本对立、观念论与实践论的对立等命题的诠释,值得关注。Marx’s political economic critique is not only a speculative political economy, but also a profound socialontological inquiry aiming to pursue the "political and philosophical realization" of proletarian economic andsocial development. The study of Marx’s critique of political economy involves two important issues. One ishow to understand the connection between the origin of Marx’s historical materialism and the critical logic ofmodernity from the perspective of Western modernity. Another concerns the history of Marx’s critique ofpolitical economy, mainly confirming the consistency between the developmental logic of historical materialismand the critical logic of political economy. This paper focuses on the scholarly background of the ScottishEnlightenment and the genesis of the logic of Western modernity, the influence of British classical politicaleconomy, and the rise of the critique of political economy in the 19 th century. On this basis, this paperillustrates the history of Marx’s critique of political economy, and tries to unfold six stages and six corepropositions of the above critique.

关 键 词：苏格兰启蒙运动 现代性批判 市民社会 资本与精神对立 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]