2020年苹果褐斑病严重发病的原因与防控建议  

Causes of serious occurrence of apple Marssonina leaf blotch in 2020 and proposal on the disease control

作　　者：李保华 王厚臣 郑桂林 房中文 王巍 刘文明 LI Baohua;WANG Houchen;ZHENG Guilin;FANG Zhongwen;WANG Wei;LIU Wenming(College of Plant Health and Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China;Yantai Dashan Fruit Industry Development Co.,Ltd.,Yantai,Shandong 264000,China;Huantai County Rural Reform and Development Service Center,Zibo,Shandong 256400,China;Fruit and Tea Station of Zhucheng Agricultural and Technology Extension Center,Zhucheng,Shandong 262200,China;Yantai Fushan Meteorological Bureau,Yantai,Shandong 265500,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学植物医学学院,山东青岛266109 [2]烟台大山果业开发有限公司,山东烟台264000 [3]桓台县农村改革发展服务中心,山东淄博256400 [4]山东省诸城市农业技术推广中心果茶站,山东诸城262200 [5]烟台市福山区气象局,山东烟台265500

出　　处：《落叶果树》2021年第4期6-9,共4页Deciduous Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201122);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28,CARS-27)。

摘　　要：2020年苹果褐斑病发生是近10余年来最严重的一年。管理差的果园从7月初开始落叶,7月底落叶率达80%;管理好的果园从9月初开始落叶,9月底落叶率达30%以上。多雨是导致褐斑病严重发病的主要原因。5月病菌初侵染后和8月病害流行期前,没有加喷内吸治疗剂,是褐斑病严重发病的人为原因。防治方法为6月中旬雨季前和7月中旬集中降雨期之前各喷1次倍量式波尔多液,8月上中旬降雨前或降雨后喷施高效内吸治疗剂,一般年份可有效控制褐斑病的危害。5月多雨的年份于套袋前加喷防治褐斑病的内吸治疗剂;8月初当果园发病率超过3%或8月喷施杀菌剂后又遇5个以上的降雨日,8月中下旬需加喷内吸治疗剂,方可有效控制褐斑病的危害。2021年果园内的越冬菌源量大,除采用上述常规的防治措施外,套袋前用药需混加防治褐斑病的内吸治疗剂,并特别注意7月上旬果园内的发病情况,当病叶率超过1%时,及时加喷内吸治疗剂。Apple Marssonina leaf blotch in 2020 was the most serious one in the past 10 years.In poorly managed orchards,apple leaves started falling in early July and reached 80%by the end of July.In well managed orchards,leaves began to fall in September,with a fall rate of more than 30%by the end of September.Heavy rain was the main cause.Failed to spray more fungicides according to the needs of disease control after heavy rain was the human reason,especially after the initial infection of pathogen in May and before the epidemic of the disease in August.Before the rainy season in mid-June and before the concentrated rainfall period in mid-July,spraying Bordeaux mixture once for each time,and spraying the high-efficiency systemic therapeutic agent before or after the rain in early and mid-August could effectively control the damage of the disease in normal years.In rainy years in May,systemic therapeutic agent should be applied to control primary infection of the disease before bagging.In early August,when the incidence rate of the disease leaves in the orchard exceeded 3%,or if there were more than five rainy days after spraying the fungicide in August,it was necessary to spray the systemic therapeutic agent to control the damage of the disease.In 2021,there was a large amount of overwintering pathogen in the orchard.In addition to the above-mentioned conventional control measures,the spraying before bagging needed mixed with a systemic therapeutic agent to control the disease,and special attention should be paid to the disease in the orchard in early July.When the diseased leaf rate exceeds 1%,systemic therapeutic agent should be sprayed in time.

关 键 词：苹果褐斑病 发病原因 防治方案 

分 类 号：S436.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]