一种大豆秸秆蜜环菌培养基及其生产条件的优化  

A Soybean Straw Cultivation Medium for Armillaria gallica and Optimal Composition

作　　者：刘天睿 李仰华 韩鹏杰 周骏辉[1] 赵玉洋 袁媛[1] LIU Tian-rui;LI Yang-hua;HAN Peng-jie;ZHOU Jun-hui;ZHAO Yu-yang;YUAN Yuan(National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Daodi-herbs,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室培训基地,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2021年第15期100-106,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：“科技助力经济2020”重点专项;国家自然科学基金重大项目(81891013,81891010);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ10-008)。

摘　　要：目的:为了解决天麻栽培中对木材的大量使用造成的森林资源破坏及栽培成本增加问题,该研究对农作物余料替代木材(或木屑)培养蜜环菌的可行性进行了探讨,以期降低天麻的栽培成本,同时使农作物余料得到有效利用,进而保护林木资源。方法:观察蜜环菌的生长情况,划线法测量蜜环菌生长速度;苯酚浓硫酸法测定不同培养基中蜜环菌的总多糖含量;为了进一步优化大豆秸秆培养基配比,对主料配比、蔗糖含量、无机盐含量及含水量进行四因素三水平L9(34)正交优化试验。结果:通过比较不同培养基培养中蜜环菌的生长情况,发现大豆秸秆培养基培养的蜜环菌从接种第4天就开始生长,菌丝长势好,生长速度为0.352 cm·d^(-1),是桦木屑培养基生长速度0.283 cm·d^(-1)的1.48倍;大豆秸秆培养基培养的蜜环菌总多糖含量最高,为39.260 mg·g^(-1),远远高于桦木屑培养的蜜环菌总多糖含量17.028 mg·g^(-1),大豆秸秆培养基优势明显;主料(大豆秸秆与麦麸)配比为8∶2,蔗糖含量为主料的1%,无机盐含量为主料含量的0.5%,含水量50%时,蜜环菌生长速度稳定为0.392 cm·d^(-1)。结论:该研究结果为天麻栽培中使用大豆秸秆培养基替代木材(或木屑)培养基培养的蜜环菌提供了依据,为天麻在栽培中减少林木资源浪费、保护自然环境提供了参考。Objective:To explore the feasibility of replacing wood(or wood chips)with crop residues for culturing Armillaria gallica targeting the problems of forest resource destruction and increased cultivation cost caused by the extensive use of wood in Gastrodia elata cultivation,so as to reduce the cultivation cost of G. elata,promote the effective use of crop residues,and protect forest resources. Method:The growth situation of A. gallica in different media was observed,followed by the measurement of its growth rate using streaking method and the determination of total polysaccharide content of A. gallica by phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid colorimetric method. In order to further optimize the soybean straw cultivation medium,we carried out a fourfactor three-level L9(34)orthogonal assay on the ratio of main ingredients,sucrose content,inorganic salt content,and water content. Result: The comparison of growing states of A. gallica cultured in different media revealed that A. gallica in soybean straw medium began to grow since the fourth day of inoculation,and the mycelium grew well,with the growth rate being 0.352 cm·d^(-1),which was 1.48 times that in birch wood medium. The total polysaccharide content of A. gallica cultured in soybean straw medium was the highest,which was 39.260 mg·g^(-1),much higher than 17.028 mg·g^(-1) of that cultured in birch wood medium. This demonstrated the obvious advantage of soybean straw medium,whose main ingredients were soybean straw and wheat bran at the ratio of 8:2,with the sucrose and inorganic salt content accounting for 1% and 0.5% of the main ingredients,respectively. When the water content reached 50%,the growth rate of A. gallica was maintained at 0.392 cm·d^(-1).Conclusion: This study has provided a basis for utilizing soybean straw instead of wood(or wood chips)as cultivation medium for A. gallica,thus better reducing the waste of forest resources and protecting the natural environment in the cultivation of G. elata.

关 键 词：农作物余料 大豆秸秆 蜜环菌 条件优化 天麻栽培 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学] R289[医药卫生—中医学]