城市居民家庭生活用水量及其时空差异性研究  

Research on urban household water consumption and its spatio-temporal difference

作　　者：王湘晋 许萍[1] 师林蕊 石炼 WANG Xiangjin;XU Ping;SHI Linrui;SHI Lian(Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Water Environment Education,Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment of Ministry of Education,Beijing 100044,China;China Academy of urban Planning and Design,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室水环境国家级实验教学示范中心,北京100044 [2]中国城市规划设计研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《给水排水》2021年第7期93-101,共9页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07110-008-006)。

摘　　要：基于全国275个地级及以上城市,采用全局与局部Moran’s I指数、基尼指数、变异系数等方法,研究了2001至2018年城市居民家庭生活人均用水量(以下简称居民人均用水量)的不均衡程度、空间分布及演变特征,并运用ArcGIS和Geoda软件将其可视化。结果表明:我国居民人均用水量分为西北、华北、东北地区70-100L/(人·d);华东、华中、西南地区120-140L/(人·d);华南地区170-190L/(人·d)3个区间;我国居民人均用水量的基尼指数、变异系数由2001年的0.291、0.566降低至2018年的0.211、0.378,不均衡程度有所下降;同期,全局莫兰指数升幅为71.5%,表明其空间差异性减小;2018年,有60座城市形成了高用水量聚集区域,主要位于华南、西南以及华东南部,与2001年相比,聚集城市数量增长了31座;有10座城市形成了低用水量聚集区域,主要位于东北地区。最后分析人均用水量时空差异性的驱动因素,得出气候是造成空间差异性主要因素,经济与政策是削弱其时空差异性的主要因素。Based on 275 cities at prefecture-level and above in the country,using global and local Moran’s Iindex,Gini index,coefficient of variation and other methods,the imbalance of per capita water consumption of urban households(hereinafter referred to as per capita water consumption of residents)from 2001 to 2018 was studied.Degree,spatial distribution and evolution characteristics were visualized by ArcGIS and Geoda software.The results show that the per capita water consumption of Chinese residents is divided into three areas:70-100 L/(person·d)in Northwest,North China and Northeast;120-140 L/(person·d)in East China,Central China and Southwest;170-190 L/(person·d)in South China Interval.The Gini index and coefficient of variation of China’s per capita water consumption decreased from 0.291 and0.566 in 2001 to 0.211 and 0.378 in 2018,indicating a decline in the degree of imbalance.In the same period,the overall Moran’s I index increased by 71.5%,indicating that Spatial differences are reduced.In 2018,60 cities formed high water consumption areas,mainly located in southern,southwest and southeastern China.Compared with 2001,the number of agglomerated cities increased by 31.10 cities formed areas with low water consumption are mainly located in the Northeast.Finally,by analyzing the driving factors of the temporal and spatial differences in per capita water consumption,it is concluded that climate is the main factor that causes spatial differences,and economy and policies are the main factors that weaken the temporal and spatial differences.

关 键 词：城市居民人均用水量 时空分布 莫兰指数 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]