兰州新区甘南藏族迁移与本地学生营养及视觉健康比较  

Comparison of nutrition and visual health between Tibetan migrant students and local students in Gannan of Lanzhou New District

作　　者：张永花[1] 马翠玲[1] 张晓玲 石影 王春萍[1] 苏俊海 赵艾 ZHANG Yonghua;MA Cuiling;ZHANG Xiaoling;SHI Ying;WANG Chunping;SU Junhai;ZHAO Ai(Department of Child Health Care,Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Lanzhou(730030),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省兰州市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,730030 [2]兰州市中小学生卫生保健所 [3]清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2021年第7期1029-1032,1037,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：兰州市卫生健康行业科技发展项目(2019030);兰州市科技局人才创新创业项目(2017-RC-18);兰州市科学技术局科技计划项目(2015-2-16)。

摘　　要：目的了解藏族迁移学生营养、视力健康状况与兰州本地学生的差异,为学生营养干预及视力保护提供理论依据。方法采用整群取样法,于2020年9—12月选取自甘南藏族自治州迁移至兰州新区1所全封闭寄宿制中学2434名学生及兰州市七里河区3所非寄宿制中学的3291名学生进行身体形态测量及视力检查,分析不同性别、不同年龄组藏族迁移学生与本地学生营养、视力不良、近视情况的差异。结果藏族迁移男、女生超重(2.8%,5.7%)、肥胖(11.0%,8.3%)比例均低于同性别本地学生(5.6%,8.3%;24.9%,20.9%)(χ^(2)超重值分别为12.17,7.21;χ^(2)肥胖值分别为81.33,91.34,P值均<0.05);藏族迁移男生营养不良比例(9.9%)高于本地男生(7.2%)(χ^(2)=6.65,P<0.05)。藏族迁移学生视力不良检出率低于本地学生(χ^(2)=3.93,P<0.05),近视检出率低于本地学生(χ^(2)=975.82,P<0.01);藏族迁移男生色盲色弱检出率高于本地男生(χ^(2)=8.38,P<0.05);藏族迁移女生色盲色弱检出率低于本地女生(χ^(2)=8.08,P<0.05)。藏族迁移男生轻、中度视力不良与轻、中、重度近视检出率均低于本地男生(χ^(2)值分别为3.88,8.32,13.72,55.96,338.50,P值均<0.05)。藏族迁移女生轻、中、重度近视检出率均低于本地女生(χ^(2)值分别为7.62,37.79,424.00,P值均<0.05)。结论藏族迁移学生超重肥胖率低于本地学生,应关注藏族男生营养摄入,减少营养不良;藏族迁移学生近视检出率较低,但初中组藏族学生重度视力不良检出率较本地学生高,应关注藏族初中阶段学生视力健康。Objective This paper studies the nutritional and vision health status of Tibetan migrant students and the differences between the local students in Lanzhou and them to provide a theoretical basis for nutrition intervention and vision protection for students.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select 2434 students migrating from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to a boarding middle school,and 3291 students from three middle schools in Qilihe District of Lanzhou from September to December 2020.All the students were administered physical and visual examination.Proportion of nutritional status,poor eyesight and myopia by gender and age groups between Tibetan migrant students and local students were analyzed.Results The detection rate of overweight and obesity in Tibetan migrant boys(2.8%,5.7%)and girls(11.0%,8.3%)was lower than that of local students of the same sex(5.6%,8.3%;24.9%,20.9%)(χ^(2)=12.17,7.21,P<0.05;χ^(2)=81.33,91.34,P<0.05);The detection rate of malnutrition in Tibetan migrant boys(9.9%)was higher than that in local boys(7.2%)(χ^(2)=6.65,P<0.05).The detection rate of poor vision in Tibetan migrant boys was lower than that in local boys(χ^(2)=3.93,P<0.05).The detection rate of myopia was significantly lower than that of local students(χ^(2)=975.82,P<0.01).The detection rate of abnormal color vision in Tibetan migrant boys was higher than that in local boys(χ^(2)=8.38,P<0.05).The detection rate of abnormal color vision in Tibetan migrant girls was lower than that in local girls(χ^(2)=8.08,P<0.05).The detection rate of mild and moderate visual impairment was lower among Tibetan migrant boys than local boys(χ^(2)=3.88,8.32,P<0.05);the detection rate of mild,moderate and severe myopia was lower than local boys(χ^(2)=13.72,55.96,338.50,P<0.05).The detection rate of mild,moderate and severe myopia was lower among Tibetan migrant girls than local girls(χ^(2)=7.62,37.79,424.00,P<0.05).Conclusion Tibetan migrant students was lower than that of local students.More attention should be paid to

关 键 词：营养状况 视力 低 近视 学生 少数民族 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R151[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]