齿鲸生物声呐目标探测研究综述  

An overview of mechanism of target detection by odontocetes biosonar

作　　者：宋忠长 张金虎 冯文 杨武夷[2] 张宇[2] Song Zhong-Chang;Zhang Jin-Hu;Feng Wen;Yang Wu-Yi;Zhang Yu(State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,College of the Environment and Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学环境与生态学院,近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,厦门361005 [2]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,水声通信与海洋信息技术教育部重点实验室,厦门361005

出　　处：《物理学报》2021年第15期1-12,共12页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2018YFC1407504,2018YFC1407505);国家自然科学基金(批准号:12074323);厦门市海洋与渔业发展专项资金(批准号:20CZB015HJ01);广东省水利科技创新项目(批准号:2020-16);中国博士后科学基金(批准号:2020M682086);博士后创新人才支持计划(批准号:BX2021168)资助的课题.

摘　　要：齿鲸依靠其天然的声呐系统进行水下目标探测.齿鲸通过前额的声发射系统发出超声脉冲,经声阻抗各异的声学结构调控形成波束,作用于目标,利用下颌区域的多相声接收通道接收目标回波.齿鲸通过分析目标回波中蕴含的时域、频域与能量等多维度信息,并进行非线性组合,实现目标探测与辨别.齿鲸目标探测过程蕴藏复杂的物理机理.本文以目标探测实验测量、目标回波散射分析与仿齿鲸声呐系统为出发点,回溯齿鲸声呐目标探测的相关研究.齿鲸在目标探测过程中,会根据目标强度、回波的时频信息,自适应调整其声发射脉冲频率、发射系统几何形态,实现高效探测,是优越的水声探测系统.参考齿鲸声呐设计人工探测系统可获取多维度的声场信息,与生物实验测量相辅相成,加深对生物多相介质中的声发射与声接收过程的理解,丰富齿鲸目标探测物理机理认知,为人工仿生声探测技术的发展与仿生水下装置设计提供新参考.Odontocetes have evolved to own a unique natural sonar system to detect targets.Odontocetes use their sound emission systems in their foreheads to produce echolocation clicking targets.Echoes contain information about the size,material and ranges of the targets.Odontocetes can probe into the echoes in both time domain and frequency domain to realize the target discrimination.More studies are necessary to reveal how odontcoetes collect meaningful information from echoes.In this paper,the target detection by odontocetes is reviewed from three aspects,i.e.detection range,target discrimination and biomimetic target detection system.Odontocetes can actively adjust their biosonar systems to realize optimal detection.Numerical simulation and bioinspired systems can help to shed light on physical mechanism of odontocetes’target detection process.Multiple theories are needed to deepen our understanding of target detection by odontocetes,which can provide references for designing intelligent biomimetic signal processors.

关 键 词：生物声呐 目标探测 水声探测 齿鲸 

分 类 号：TB565.2[交通运输工程—水声工程]