交易差评的侵权法规制——以违法性审查为焦点  

Regulations of Infringement Laws for Negative Comments on Transactions——Focus on the Review of Illegality

作　　者：王琦 WANG Qi

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2021年第4期32-41,共10页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“信息法基础”(16ZDA075)的研究成果。

摘　　要：利用网络评价系统作出交易差评的法律本质是虚拟公共空间中的个人言论,凸显了评价人的言论自由利益与被评价人的名誉利益之间的紧张关系,因而应处于侵权法的规制之下。差评只有在侵害相对人名誉权时才应当被删除,而是否构成名誉权侵害又取决于差评是否具有违法性。基于言论自由,通常情况下的差评都是合法的,仅当出现特定事由时,差评才具有违法性。差评违法事由可分为两类,第一类是绝对违法事由,包括侵害网络基本安全秩序和虚假交易;第二类是相对违法事由,包括事情陈述上的重大失实以及价值评判上的过度偏激。对在现实中获得高度关注的"职业差评"和"同行(竞争者)差评"同样可以借助上述规则进行疏而不漏的妥当规制。The legal nature of using the online evaluation system to make negative comments on transactions is personal statement in the virtual public space,which highlights the tension between the evaluator’s free speech interests and the evaluatee’s reputation interests,so it should be regulated under the tort law.Negative comments should be deleted only when they infringe on the reputation of the counterparty,and whether it constitutes an infringement of reputation depends on whether it is illegal.Based on freedom of speech,negative comments are generally legal with few exceptions for specific reasons.Causes for illegal negative comments can be divided into two categories.The first category is absolute violation,including violations of the basic security order of the network and false transactions;the second category is relative violations,including major misrepresentation of the matter and excessive extreme value evaluation.The"professional negative comments"and"peer(competitor)negative comments"that have received high attention in reality can also be properly regulated with the help of the above rules.

关 键 词：交易差评 言论自由 名誉侵权 人格权 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学]