抗战时期边区农村合作运动的中国化——以晋西北边区为例  

The Management and Transformation of Cooperatives in the Border Area During the Anti-Japanese War:Centered on Northwest Border Region of Shanxi Province

作　　者：董佳 DONG Jia

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学党委宣传部 [2]中国人民大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2021年第7期4-12,共9页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BDJ085)——美国国家档案馆藏抗战时期中国共产党历史资源的收集整理与研究。

摘　　要：认为受革命和战争的影响,边区的经济环境已不再是纯粹的自然经济,特别是在合作社建立以后,准确地说应该是组织经济。它体现了中国共产党对规模经济的信赖,也保护了边区经济的“政治安全”,但合作化在实际管理运行中难免会出现一些不足和问题。为此,边区合作社开始不断提高社会化经营和强化公关服务,政府也突出强调合作社的革命化方向,使舶来的合作社形态呈现出从“经济型组织”到“组织式经济”的转变。与此同时,中国共产党也对合作社政策进行了适当调整,无论合作社的发展路径还是管理机制都出现了合作社在西方经典理论中社会生产“主体化”向党领导下根据地经济生产“载体化”发展的趋势。事实证明,边区乡村这种结合本土特点的合作社形式的“嫁接”相较于恪守西方原则的“移栽”更具有强大的适应性和生命力,由此不难窥见战时中国在革命中经济新陈代谢之一斑,并预示着未来一个以组织化集体生产的“新中国”的到来。Under the influence of revolution and war,the economic environment of the border region was no longer a simple natural economy but the organizational economy,especially after the establishment of cooperatives.It reflected the CPC's trust in economies of scales,which protected the correct direction of economic development in the Border region.However,some flaws lied in the management and operation of the cooperatives.The cooperatives kept improving the socialized management and strengthening the public services.The government also emphasized the revolutionary goal that the cooperatives should strive for,to transfer the cooperatives from“Enterprise type”to“Guidance type”.Considering the special circumstances of the Chinese countryside,the CPC did not completely adhere to the principles of western cooperatives and Marxist classical cooperative theory.the development path and management mechanism of cooperatives showed the local characteristics from subjectivization to carrier different from western cooperatives.This kind of“grafting”combined with local characteristics had more vitality than“transplanting”which abided by the principles.It also had an important impact on cooperatives and collectivization after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

关 键 词：抗战革命 边区合作社 经营管理 模式创新 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]