Genome-wide analysis reveals signatures of complex introgressive gene flow in macaques(genus Macaca)  

作　　者：Yang Song Cong Jiang Kun-Hua Li Jing Li Hong Qiu Megan Price Zhen-Xin Fan Jing Li 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610064,China [2]Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China [3]Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610064,China

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2021年第4期433-449,共17页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530068,31770415);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SCU2021D006)。

摘　　要：The genus Macaca serves as an ideal research model for speciation and introgressive gene flow due to its short period of diversification(about five million years ago)and rapid radiation of constituent species.To understand evolutionary gene flow in macaques,we sequenced four whole genomes(two M.arctoides and two M.thibetana)and combined them with publicly available macaque genome data for genome-wide analyses.We analyzed 14 individuals from nine Macaca species covering all Asian macaque species groups and detected extensive gene flow signals,with the strongest signals between the fascicularis and silenus species groups.Notably,we detected bidirectional gene flow between M.fascicularis and M.nemestrina.The estimated proportion of the genome inherited via gene flow between the two species was 6.19%.However,the introgression signals found among studied island species,such as Sulawesi macaques and M.fuscata,and other species were largely attributed to the genomic similarity of closely related species or ancestral introgression.Furthermore,gene flow signals varied in individuals of the same species(M.arctoides,M.fascicularis,M.mulatta,M.nemestrina and M.thibetana),suggesting very recent gene flow after the populations split.Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescence(PSMC)analysis showed all macaques experienced a bottleneck five million years ago,after which different species exhibited different fluctuations in demographic history trajectories,implying they have experienced complicated environmental variation and climate change.These results should help improve our understanding of the complicated evolutionary history of macaques,particularly introgressive gene flow.

关 键 词：MACACA Whole genome INTROGRESSION Gene flow Demographic history 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]