基于GIS的黄河流域陆地生态系统生态敏感性评价  

Assessment of Ecological Sensitivity of Terrestrial Ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin Based on GIS

作　　者：李元征 冯智志 李立 安迪 王文静 柳敏 LI Yuanzheng;FENG Zhizhi;LI Li;AN Di;WANG Wenjing;LIU Min(School of Resources and Environment,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-environmental Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省城乡空间数据挖掘院士工作站,河南郑州450046 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2021年第4期219-225,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41801113,41901238,41771158);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(202102310342);河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(人文社科类)(2016-cx-027)。

摘　　要：良好的生态环境是流域高质量发展的必要前提。整个黄河流域缺乏生态敏感性评价研究,且现有敏感性评价方法存在一些不足,该研究基于GIS采用改进的方法、对围绕高质量发展界定的黄河流域内的4种主要生态问题及其综合生态敏感性进行评价。研究表明:(1)黄河流域主要生态问题依次是土地沙化、土地盐渍化、冻融侵蚀及水土流失,其极敏感性面积分别为33.54、3.80、2.72和0.69万km^(2),依次占流域总面积的16.20%、1.84%、1.31%和0.69%。(2)流域的综合生态敏感性较高,极敏感区面积为39.38万km^(2),占流域总面积的19.02%,集中分布在巴丹吉林、腾格里及乌兰布和沙漠及其周边、鄂尔多斯高原西部、阴山北麓至浑善达克沙地西部、黑河下游额济纳旗、柴达木盆地周边、青海东南部及邛崃山区。该研究可为推动黄河流域高质量发展提供一定参考。Good ecological environment is the prerequisite for high quality development of watershed.The research is lacking on the ecological sensitivity evaluation in the whole Yellow River basin.Moreover,the existing sensitivity evaluation methods have some shortcomings.First,the boundaries of the Yellow River basin were defined for its high-quality development rather than simply using the natural boundaries of the basin.Second,the ecological sensitivity of four major ecological issues and their comprehensive ecological sensitivity within the Yellow River basin were evaluated by using improved indicators or methods based on GIS.The results showed that the main ecological problems of the Yellow River basin were land desertification,land salinization,freeze-thaw erosion and water-caused soil erosion in turn.Their extremely sensitive areas were 335.4,38.0,27.2 and 6.9 thousand km^(2),respectively,accounting for 16.20%,1.84%,1.31%and 0.69%of the total area of the Yellow River basin in turn.The comprehensive ecological sensitivity was high in the basin,and the extremely sensitive area was 393.8 thousand km^(2),accounting for 19.02%of the total area of the basin,which was mainly caused by land desertification,concentrating in the Badain Jaran Desert,Tengger Desert,Ulan Buh Desert,and their surrounding regions,the west of Ordos Plateau,the north foot of Yinshan Mountain to the west of Hunshandak sandy land,Ejina Banner in the lower reaches of Heihe River,the surrounding areas of Qaidamu Basin,the southeast of Qinghai and Qionglai Mountain.This study can provide some reference for promoting the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

关 键 词：生态敏感性 冻融侵蚀 土地沙化 水土流失 土地盐渍化 黄河流域 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P951[天文地球—自然地理学]