2014年—2019年嵊州市PM2.5污染特征和健康影响  

Characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in Shengzhou during 2014-2019 and its impact on health

作　　者：张润松[1] 欧晓阳 ZHANG Run-song;OU Xiao-yang(Shengzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shengzhou,Zhejiang 312400,China)

机构地区：[1]嵊州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江嵊州312400

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2021年第13期1644-1646,共3页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的探讨嵊州市PM2.5的污染特征,为改善该市环境空气质量和居民因PM2.5引起的相关疾病预防提供科学依据。方法利用嵊州市2014年—2019年PM2.5空气污染物的监测数据进行处理和分析。结果嵊州市PM2.5处在较高水平,年平均浓度均超过标准的1.03倍~1.60倍,年平均浓度总体趋势是递减,空气污染呈持续改善的趋势,各年的改善程度不一样,2015年、2017年和2018年改善幅度最大(12%以上),PM2.5的变化特征主要表现为冬季最为严重,特别是1月份PM2.5为污染尤为严重,其次为春季,夏季基本无污染。从健康暴露来看,"不太健康"以上水平的暴露频率呈逐年持续改善的趋势,达到"健康警告"的严重污染目标仅在2014年和2016年出现,"影响每个人的身体健康,对易感人群的影响更为严重"的不健康空气在2014年—2017年出现。结论嵊州市PM2.5污染逐年改善,显现明显的季度变化特征,仍存在一定健康危害风险,提示应根据空气环境质量减少户外活动时间,预防相关疾病的发生。Objective To explore the pollution characteristics of PM2.5 in Shengzhou City,and to provide scientific basis for improving the air quality and preventing the related diseases caused by PM2.5.Methods The monitoring data of PM2.5 air pollutants in Shengzhou from 2014 to 2019 were used for processing and analysis.Results PM2.5 is at a high level in Shengzhou,and the annual average concentration is 1.03-1.60 times higher than the standard.The overall trend of the annual average concentration is decreasing,and the air quality keeps improving.The improvement degree of each year is different.In 2015,2017 and 2018,the improvement range is the largest(more than 12%),and PM2.5 is the most severe in winter,especially in January,followed by the spring;and no pollution is observed in summer.The exposure frequency above the level of“not too healthy”has been continuously improving year by year.The severe pollution target of“health warning”has only been achieved in 2014 and 2016,and the unhealthy weather of“affecting everyone's health,more serious impact on susceptible population”only occurred in 2014—2017.Conclusion PM2.5 pollution in Shengzhou City improved year by year,showing obvious seasonal variation characteristics,there is still a certain risk of health hazards,suggesting that outdoor activity time should be reduced according to the air quality,so as to prevent the occurrence of related diseases.

关 键 词：PM2.5 污染特征 健康风险 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]