3类功能助剂对酥梨的安全性及其对重要害虫防效的影响  

Safety of three kinds of effective adjuvants and its control effect on major pests in Dangshan pear orchard

作　　者：庾琴[1] 杜恩强 封云涛 郭晓君 武志强 张润祥 YU Qin;DU Enqiang;FENG Yuntao;GUO Xiaojun;WU Zhiqiang;ZHANG Runxiang(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University(Institute of Plant Protection,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences),Taiyuan 030031,China;Xiaodian Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Taiyuan City,Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030032,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院(山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所),太原030031 [2]山西省太原市小店区农业技术推广中心,太原030032

出　　处：《植物保护》2021年第4期298-304,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200505);山西省重点研发计划(201803D221015-2);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2018D2YS18)。

摘　　要：为明确3类不同功能助剂在酥梨园的安全使用技术及其对梨园重要害虫防效的影响,在田间梨树不同发育期,调查3类、共6种功能助剂对果实和叶片的药害率;调查3种安全助剂与4种农药混配后对梨小食心虫和梨木虱的防效。结果表明,6种功能助剂对梨果药害率从高到低依次为15 d幼果、45 d小果和75 d膨大期果实;6种助剂对叶片均安全。在较低温度下施药可显著降低功能助剂对梨果的药害率。6种助剂对果实药害率从高到低依次为NF100、Silwet 408、GY-Tmax、GY-T1602、GY-T12和迈道。迈道、GY-T12显著提高22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂和5%阿维菌素微乳剂对梨木虱的防效,GY-T1602显著提高了22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂的对梨木虱的防效;迈道、GY-T12和GY-T1602显著提高了5%阿维菌素微乳剂、20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂对梨小食心虫的防效。该结果为功能助剂在酥梨园的安全使用提供了科学依据。This experiment was conducted to clarify the applicant technology of three kinds effective adjuvants and their effect on the control of Grapholitha molesta and Psylla chinensis in Dangshan pear orchard.Under field conditions,the phytotoxicity rates of six effective adjuvants to fruits and leaves were investigated at different developmental stages of pear trees,and the control effects of three safety effective adjuvants mixed with four pesticides on P.chinensis and G.molesta were investigated.The results showed that the phytotoxicity rates of six effective adjuvants to fruit from high to low were 15 d young fruit,45 d small fruit and 75 d expanding fruit.Six effective adjuvants were safe to leaves.The phytotoxicity rates of effective adjuvants were significantly reduced when applied at lower temperature.The phytotoxicity rates to fruit from high to low were NF100,Silvet 408,GY-Tmax,GY-T1602,GY-T12 and Maidao.Maidao and GY-T12 significantly increased the control effect of spirotetramat 22.4%SC,furosemide 20%SG and abamectin 5%ME to P.chinensis.GY-T1602 significantly increased the control effect of spirotetramat 22.4%SC and furosemide 20%SG to P.chinensis.Maidao,GY-T12 and GY-T1602 significantly increased the control effect of abamectin 5%ME,furosemide 20%SG and beta-cypermethrin 4.5%ME to G.molesta.This result provide technical basis for safe use of effective adjuvants in Dangshan pear orchard.

关 键 词：功能助剂 酥梨园 梨木虱 梨小食心虫 防效 

分 类 号：S482.91[农业科学—农药学]