种业创新与国家粮食安全——我国种业资源优势及“卡脖子”技术攻关  

Seed Industry Innovation and National Food Security:Resource Advantages of Seed Industry in China and Its Key Technology Research

作　　者：黎茵[1] LI Yin(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources,School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省热带亚热带植物资源重点实验室中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期108-114,共7页Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目区域创新能力与支撑保障体系建设专项“奇妙生命世界——优秀科普作品创作”(2020A1414040005);广州市科技计划项目“豆类种子耐热耐旱相关基因的抗逆功能研究”(201510010270)。

摘　　要：从源头上保障国家粮食安全,是我国应对全球气候变化、自然灾害及复杂国际环境挑战的重大现实课题,其中,与重要农作物相关的种业“卡脖子”技术是涉及中国种业安全乃至粮食安全的总体国家安全问题之一。从我国现有种业资源和生物育种研发技术角度探讨国际种业竞争形势下种业创新的核心问题,可梳理出种业竞争中“卡脖子”的关键技术。根据我国种业发展的现有创新优势,应将种业安全纳入总体国家安全体系,并将突破种业技术关键领域的“卡脖子”技术和构建现代生物育种创新体系纳入总体国家安全体系的战略管控目标。为此,应加强种质资源保护与开发、重视种业创新底层技术、加强种业科技研发投入、保障种业知识产权。本研究对于促进我国现代生物育种创新体系发展,将种业安全纳入总体国家安全体系具有理论价值和实践意义。Ensuring national food supply security from the source is a major practical issue for China to cope with global climate change,natural disasters and complex international environmental challenges.“Key technology”of important crops in seed industry is one of the overall national security issues concerning seed industry security,and even food security in China.From the perspective of the existing seed industry resources and biological breeding technology development in China,the“key technology”in seed industry competition are discussed through the illustration of the seed industry innovation in the international competition.Considering the innovative advantages of seed industry development in China,we should integratethe seed industry security into the overall national security system,and incorporate“key technology”in the crucial fields of seed industry as well as the task of construction of a modern biological breeding innovation system into the strategic control objectives of the overall national security system.To that end,it is important to strengthen the germplasm resource conservation and development,put emphasis on underpinning technology of seed industry innovation,increase investment in seed industry research and development,and protect intellectual property rights in seed industry.This study has theoretical value and practical significance for the construction of modern biological breeding innovation system and the integration of seed industry security into the overall national security system.

关 键 词：种业安全 粮食安全 现代生物育种 “卡脖子”技术 总体国家安全 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] S331[农业科学—作物遗传育种]