打工即脱贫吗--基于等值规模调整收入的农村就业扶贫效果评价  

Does Non-farming Job Mean Poverty Relief-An Evaluation on the Effect of Poverty Alleviation through Employment in Rural Area Based on Equivalent Scale Adjustment Income

作　　者：程翔宇[1] CHENG Xiangyu

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学城乡社区社会治理湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2021年第3期100-106,共7页Social Security Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目“外出务工与农民工家庭贫困:基于等值规模调整的研究”(18YJCZH021)成果。

摘　　要：就业扶贫是最有效、最直接的脱贫方式,但一些地方在脱贫认定中采用“打工即脱贫”的标准。本文通过构建农村家庭尤其是打工家庭等值规模调整方法,使用调查数据,测算2014年、2015年湖北省四大集中连片特困地区贫困户的真实贫困状况,并对比分析打工家庭和非打工家庭的贫困状况和贫困改善情况,评价就业扶贫的减贫效果。研究发现:不进行等值规模调整会高估贫困状况,不完全等值规模调整会低估打工家庭的贫困状况;打工虽能提高家庭现金收入,但如果冲击了家庭经济共享规模,则打工家庭的贫困状况改善不如非打工家庭。“一刀切”地将打工家庭认定为“脱贫户”不利于提高脱贫质量、稳定脱贫成绩。提高打工者文化水平和职业技能、缩短打工距离、降低打工者返家成本能促进就业扶贫效果的发挥。Poverty relief based on employment is the most effective and direct mode of poverty alleviation.However,in some places the identification of poverty alleviation appears the judgment of"non-farming job means poverty relief".By constructing the equivalent scale adjustment method of rural families(especially migrant families),this paper calculates the real poverty situation of poor families in four concentrated destitute areas of Hubei Province in 2014 and 2015,compares and analyzes the poverty situation and improvement situation of rural families with non-farming job and rural families without non-farming job,and evaluates the effect of poverty relief based on employment.The research results show as follow:the poverty conditions are overestimated in condition of no equivalent scale adjustment,and the poverty conditions are underestimated in condition of incomplete equivalent scale adjustment;non-farming job can increase cash income of families,but if it impacts the scale of family economic sharing,the improvement on poverty relief of rural families with non-farming job is lower than that of rural families without non-farming job.Therefore,it is incorrect to regard"families with non-farming job"as"families out of poverty"in a general way,which is not conducive to improving the quality of poverty alleviation and stabilizing of poverty relief achievements.The effect of poverty alleviation through employment can be promoted by improving the educational level and professional skills,shortening the working distance and reducing the cost of returning home for the migrant workers.

关 键 词：就业扶贫 等值规模调整 打工家庭 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F323.6