非常规天然气开采的环境法律制度研究——特征、问题与建构设想  

Study on Environmental Legal System of Unconventional Natural Gas Exploitation:Characteristics,Problems and Constructive Assumptions

作　　者：俞黎芳 YU Lifang(Law School, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期40-46,共7页Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BFX214);清华大学自主科研计划文科专项项目(2019THZWLJ03)。

摘　　要：非常规天然气开采会带来水资源浪费与污染、温室效应、地震活动等环境风险,中国虽然有巨大的开采需求,但尚未具备健全的环境法律制度以应对开采中的环境风险。随着开采主体的放开和开采进程的推进,完善制度体系的需求愈加迫切。经过梳理和分析,总结得出适用的间接性、体系的低层次性和实施的局限性三大现有制度的特征与问题。为解决现有制度存在的问题,有针对性地提出并论证了以制定《天然气管理条例》和建设标准化体系为基础、以确立开采一体化和信息公开背景下的全过程监管为理念,建构相关环境法律制度的可行性。Unconventional natural gas exploitation will bring about environmental risks such as water waste and pollution,greenhouse effect,seismic activity,etc.China has a booming mining demand,but does not have a sound environmental legal system to deal with the above risks.With the reform and opening access system for oil and gas exploitation and the advancement of the mining process,the urgency for system improvement is growing.Based on the analysis of the existing system,the three characteristics and problems of applicable indirectness,low-level system and implementation limitations are summarized.In order to solve these problems,the feasibility of constructing the relevant environmental legal system is proposed and demonstrated,which is on the basis of the legislation of"Regulations on Natural Gas Management",and the construction of a standardization system with the concept of establishing the whole-process supervision under the background of mining integration and information disclosure.

关 键 词：非常规天然气 环境风险 水力压裂 环境标准 全过程监管 

分 类 号：D922.67[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]