牛至生殖生物学特性研究  

Study on Reproductive Biology of Origanum vulgare L.ssp.viride(Boissier)Hayek

作　　者：刘艳[1] 卓维 卢圣鄂 朱晓富 辛元尧 申杰[1] 黄红燕 任风鸣[1] Liu Yan;Zhuo Wei;Lu Shenge;Zhu Xiaofu;Xin Yuanyao;Shen Jie;Huang Hongyan;Ren Fengming(Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Lab. of Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Nanchuan 408435, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市药物种植研究所特色生物资源研究与利用川渝共建重点实验室,重庆南川408435

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2021年第7期13-18,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展重点项目(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0144);重庆市基本科研业务费项目(cstc2020jxjl-jbky0002)。

摘　　要：目的:研究牛至亚种Origanum vulgare L.ssp.viride(Boissier)Hayek的生殖生物学特性,为其良种选育等提供理论依据。方法:观察记录开花物候及形态特征,用TTC法检测花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测柱头可授性,估算杂交指数(OCI)并计算花粉胚珠比(P/O),通过6种人工授粉处理确定繁育系统类型。结果:花期为4~8月,单花花期6~8 d。开花后其花粉活力高、持续时间长,柱头在裂片张开后才具有可授性,持续至花朵衰败。其OCI值为4,据Dafni标准其繁育系统为部分自交亲和异交,需要传粉者;P/O为2454.00±50.85,据Cruden标准为兼性或专性异交。授粉试验结果显示:套袋未授粉的不能结实,自交、异交均能结实。观察到蚂蚁、蝇类昆虫访花。结论:O.vulgare ssp.viride的繁育系统为兼性异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。Objective:The reproductive biology of Chinese herbal medicine Origanum vulgare L.ssp.viride(Boissier)Hayek was investigated to provide a theoretical basis for improved varirety breeding.Methods:Floral morphology and flowering characteristics were carefully observed and recorded.Pollen viability was tested by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)solution,and stigma receptivity was tested through benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method.To determine the breeding system,the outcrossing index(OCI)was estimated,pollen/ovule(P/O)ratios were calculated,and controlled pollinations were conducted.Results:O.vulgare ssp.viride bloomed from April to August.Anthesis began in the morning and lasted for about 6-8 days.Pollen viability and stigma receptivity remained high throughout the flowering process.The OCI was 4,so the breeding system was“partly self-compatible and xenogamy,needing pollinator”according to Dafni’s standard.The P/O ratio(2454.00±50.85)indicated facultative or obligate xenogamy according to Cruden’s standard.No fruit set occurred in unpollinated bagged plants.Flowers under self-pollination and cross-pollination both could bear fruits.Some ants and flies were found as flower visitors.Conclusions:The breeding system of O.vulgare ssp viride is“facultative xenogamy and partly self-compatible,needing pollinator”.

关 键 词：牛至 花粉活力 柱头可授性 繁育系统 生殖特性 

分 类 号：Q949.9[生物学—植物学]