清代骈文学上的自然论  

The Ideas of“Nature”in Parallel Prose Theory in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：曹虹[1] CAO Hong(School of Chinese,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第4期132-140,共9页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：清代文坛来自古文家一侧的关于文道关系的论述颇为丰富,素来为学界所认知。但来自骈文家一侧的文道关系论述,如果忽略他们以“自然之道”来阐述骈文的名分与体性的这部分内容,实为理论认知上的缺憾。六朝审美思维中以刘勰为代表的“原道”模式,汲取老庄和玄学的自然观,以“自然成对”和“夫岂外饰,盖自然耳”来证明文采与偶俪显示“自然之道”。这种“自然之道”的思想智慧及其审美应用,随着清代骈文学的复兴,得到了清人的积极回应与发挥。尤其清代中期以降,对“自然之道”所能预设的骈文理论视野,有了进一步的阐说与开拓。清人归向自然之道来诠释骈文的存在性,处理骈散互动互融的课题,谋求“自然”与“人为”的契合,既会通古义,又对骈文的体性和标准作出富于时代新义的拓展,从一个方面体现了清代骈文家和骈文学返本开新的智慧。In the literary world of the Qing Dynasty,there were many discussions on the relationship between writings and the Way from ancient-style prose writers,which the academic circles have consistently recognized.However,for the discussions of the relationship between writings and the Way from parallel prose writers,if we neglect their use of“the Way of nature”to explain the status and style of parallel prose,it is a deficiency in theoretical perception.In the aesthetic thinking of the Six Dynasties,the model of“tracing origins in the Way”,represented by Liu Xie,drew on the natural views of Taoism and arcane learning and used expressions such as“falling into pairs naturally”and“not extraneous embellishments,but nature makes it so”to prove that literary grace and ornate parallel style showed the“the Way of nature”.With the revival of parallel prose theory in the Qing Dynasty,the wisdom and aesthetic application of“the Way of nature”has been actively responded to and brought into play by people of the Qing Dynasty.Especially since the mid-Qing dynasty,the theoretical vision of the parallel prose,which can be presupposed by“the Way of nature”,has been further expounded and developed.People in the Qing dynasty interpreted the existence of parallel prose by referring to the Way of nature,dealt with the subject of interaction and integration of parallel prose and ancient-style prose,and seek the fit between“natural”and“artificial”,which not only integrated the traditional ideas but also expanded the style and standard of parallel prose in a contemporary way,reflecting in one way the wisdom of parallel prose writers and parallel prose in the Qing dynasty in returning to the roots and opening up new ideas.

关 键 词：清代 骈文学 “自然”之道 丽辞 

分 类 号：I222.5[文学—中国文学]