狄斯瓦螨和蜜蜂病毒对意大利蜜蜂蜂群越冬的影响  

Impacts of Varroa destructor and honeybee viruses on the overwintering of Apis mellifera ligustica colonies

作　　者：邓洁 王帅[1] 陈功文 胡福良[1] 郑火青[1] DENG Jie;WANG Shuai;CHEN Gong-Wen;HU Fu-Liang;ZHENG Huo-Qing(College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2021年第4期1003-1009,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系专项(CARS-44)。

摘　　要：越冬期是蜂群损失最主要的阶段。通过比较分析45个意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica蜂群在繁殖越冬蜂前的狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor寄生率和病毒感染情况、越冬表现及越冬期存活蜂群的病毒感染情况等,探究与越冬期蜜蜂健康紧密相关的影响因素。结果表明,繁殖越冬蜂前蜂群的狄斯瓦螨寄生率与蜜蜂残翅病毒(DWV)和以色列急性麻痹病毒(IAPV)基因组拷贝数呈中等线性相关关系(p_(DWV)=0.003,p_(IAPV)=0.001),且狄斯瓦螨寄生率低于9%的蜂群与DWV感染程度相关性更高,而寄生率高于9%的蜂群与IAPV的相关性更高。越冬期死亡蜂群在繁殖越冬蜂前的狄斯瓦螨寄生率和IAPV病毒基因组拷贝数均显著高于存活蜂群。狄斯瓦螨和IAPV是本次实验中意蜂蜂群越冬期健康的首要影响因素。结合狄斯瓦螨寄生率和IAPV基因组拷贝数的正相关性,本研究认为在繁殖越冬蜂前将蜂螨寄生率控制在较低水平(9%以下)能有效减少越冬期意蜂蜂群损失。The overwintering period is the most important stage of colony loss.To explore the factors associated with the health of honey bee colonies during overwintering,we investigated the viral infections and Varroa destructor infestations before breeding overwintering bees,overwintering performance and viral infections when overwintering of 45 Apis mellifera ligustica colonies in an apiary.The results showed that the infestation rate of V.destructor was moderately linearly correlated with genome copy number of Deformed wing virus(DWV)and Israeli acute paralysis virus(IAPV)before breeding overwintering bees(p_(DWV)=0.003,p_(IAPV)=0.001).When below 9%,the infestation rate of V.destructor correlated with the infection level of DWV with a higher correlation coefficient;when above 9%,the correlation coefficient of the infestation rate of V.destructor and the infection level of IAPV was higher.The infestation rate of V.destructor and the genome copy number of IAPV in the colonies died during overwintering period were significantly higher than that in surviving colonies before breeding overwintering bees.These results suggested V.destructor and IAPV were the primary factors that affected the winter losses of A.m.ligustica colonies.Considering the positive correlation between the infestation rate of V.destructor and the infection level of IAPV,it was suggested that controlling the infestation rate of V.destructor at a low level(below 9%)before breeding overwintering bees was critical to reduce the loss of bee colonies during overwintering.

关 键 词：意大利蜜蜂 狄斯瓦螨 蜜蜂病毒 越冬期蜂群损失 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S89[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]