北冰洋高纬度区域海冰及气象特征分析  

The characteristics of sea ice and atmospheric factors over the high latitude Arctic region

作　　者：郝光华 沈辉[1] 田忠翔[1] 李明[1] 赵福 Hao Guanghua;Shen Hui;Tian Zhongxiang;Li Ming;Zhao Fu(Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting,National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境预报中心自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋学报》2021年第7期90-99,共10页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFA0605903,2018YFC1407200);极地考察业务化与科研(2021)。

摘　　要：基于2018年8月至2019年5月布放在北极随海冰漂流的自动气象站和温度链浮标获取的观测数据,分析了北极高纬度区域的大气特征和海冰生消过程。根据海冰的漂移轨迹分为两个阶段分析,第1阶段,海冰主要向东南漂移;第2阶段,海冰主要向东北漂移。第1阶段观测的平均气温和平均相对湿度分别为–6.6℃和93%,第2阶段观测的平均气温和平均相对湿度分别为–29.3℃和76%,第2阶段平均气压高于第1阶段。海冰的漂移轨迹主要受到波弗特高压外围气流的影响。利用自动气象站漂移轨迹计算得到海冰漂移速度,与美国国家冰雪数据中心海冰漂移速度比较显示,两者纬向速度更为接近。海冰在第1阶段以融化为主,海冰厚度略有减小,8月份海冰生长率为–0.11 cm/d;海冰的生长过程主要发生在第2阶段,1–3月生长率均超过0.9 cm/d,2019年3月海冰生长最快,平均生长率为1.3 cm/d,海冰的增长一直持续至观测结束。The evolution of atmospheric factors and sea ice growth of the Arctic high latitude region process are analyzed based on the data observed by the drifting automatic weather station over the period from August 2018 to May 2019.The evolution shows two different phases according to the sea ice drifting trajectory.The sea ice mainly drifted to the southeast in the first phase and drifted to the northeast in the second phase.The averaged air temperature and averaged relative humidity are-6.6℃and 93%for the first phase and those are-29.3℃and 76%for the second phase.The averaged pressure is higher in the second than that in the first phase.The sea ice drifting trajectory are mainly affected by the Beaufort High.The sea ice velocity from automatic weather station derived and NSIDC(National Snow and Ice Data Center)are compared and the result show that the zonal velocity is unanimous.The sea ice is mainly melting in the first and sea ice thickness show decrease in the first phase.The sea ice growth rate is-0.11 cm/d in August.The sea ice growth mainly occurs in the second phase.The sea ice growth rate is larger than 0.9 cm/d from January to March 2019.The largest monthly averaged sea ice growth rate is in March with the value of 1.1 cm/d and the sea ice keep growth until the end of the observation period.

关 键 词：海冰生长 冰速 波弗特高压 漂流气象站 

分 类 号：P731.15[天文地球—海洋科学] P732