足球运动员专项疲劳对其ACL损伤高危动作运动学特征的影响  

Effect of Soccer-Specific Fatigue on Kinematics Related to ACL Injury Tasks for Soccer Players

作　　者：郭浩[1] 刘瑞瑞 王广宇 张美珍[1,2] 刘卉[3] GUO Hao;LIU Ruirui;WANG Guangyu;ZHANG Meizhen;LIU Hui(Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学,山西太原030024 [2]上海交通大学,上海200030 [3]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2021年第7期53-61,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870600);山西省研究生教育创新计划项目(2019SY196);山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(2019W025);太原理工大学学科建设项目。

摘　　要：目的:探究足球专项疲劳前、后对足球运动员完成专项动作时与前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤相关的躯干及下肢运动学影响。方法:17名足球运动员进行足球专项体能测试(soccer-specific aerobic fitness test,SAFT90),采用三维红外光点运动捕捉系统采集和处理运动员疲劳前、后完成单脚落地跳和侧切动作时的运动学数据。运用2×2重复测量双因素方差分析(ANOVA)确定疲劳前、后和不同动作,以及疲劳后不同动作和特征时刻对运动学的影响。结果:与疲劳前相比,疲劳后运动员不论何种动作着地时刻均表现出较小的躯干前倾角(P=0.043)、髋关节屈曲角(P=0.003)和膝关节屈曲角(P<0.001)及倾向于足跟着地(P=0.029)。疲劳后侧切动作表现出较大的膝关节外展角(P=0.017)。与单脚落地跳相比,侧切动作还表现出较小的躯干前倾角(P=0.008)以及更倾向于足跟着地(P<0.001)。膝关节屈曲角最大时刻,疲劳后仅侧切动作躯干前倾角度减小(P=0.032);而与单脚落地跳相比,侧切动作表现出较小髋关节屈曲角(P=0.001)和膝关节屈曲角(P<0.001)。同时,还表现出较大的膝关节矢状面关节活动度(P<0.001)。疲劳后膝关节屈曲角最大时,两个动作均表现出较大的髋关节内旋角(P=0.002,P=0.002);与膝关节屈曲角最大时相比,着地时刻还表现出较小的躯干前倾角度(P=0.004)。结论:着地时刻,两种动作专项疲劳诱导后均使人体以更为直立的姿态着地,同时膝关节矢状面活动范围增大等因素均可能增大ACL损伤的风险。着地时刻,侧切动作表现出的运动学特征可能造成ACL损伤风险大于单脚落地跳。膝关节屈曲角最大时刻,侧切动作疲劳后运动学特征亦可能增加ACL损伤的风险。疲劳后,两个动作着地时刻可能比膝关节屈曲角最大时刻更易造成ACL损伤,但还需注意膝关节屈曲角最大时髋关节内旋。Objectives:The study explores the effects of trunk and lower limb kinematics associated with anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injury before and after soccer-specific fatigue.Methods:Seventeen soccer players took the soccer-specific aerobic fitness test(SAFT90).Motion capture system was used to collect and process the kinematic data of athletes who performed single-leg drop jump and side-cutting at the pre/post-fatigue.The 2×2 repeated measurement of two-way ANOVA was used to perform statistical analysis of fatigue on task and task on time at the post-fatigue.Results:At the initial contact,the task showed a smaller trunk tilt angle(P=0.043),hip flexion angle(P=0.003),knee flexion angle(P<0.001)and tended to use heel contact way(P=0.029)at the post-fatigue.Side-cutting showed a larger angle of knee valgus(P=0.017).Compared with the single-leg drop jump,the side-cutting showed a smaller trunk tilt angle(P=0.008)and tended to use heel contact way(P<0.001).At the maximum knee flexion,the side-cutting showed a smaller trunk tilt angle(P=0.032)at the post-fatigue;compared with the single-leg drop jump,the side-cutting showed a smaller hip flexion angle(P=0.001)and the knee flexion angle(P<0.001).In addition,it also showed a large sagittal range of motion(ROM)of the knee joint(P<0.001).Compared with the maximum knee flexion,the task showed a small trunk tilt angle(P=0.004)at the initial contact.Conclusions:At post-fatigue,the human body will land in a more upright posture at the initial contact,in addition to a larger knee ROM,which may increase the risk of ACL injury.Compared with single-leg drop jump,side-cutting may have more risk of ACL injury.At maximum knee flexion,side-cutting may cause the ACL injury risk at the post-fatigue.At the prefatigue,the initial contact may be more likely to pose a risk of ACL injury,but it’s important to be aware of the hip internal rotation when the maximum knee flexion.

关 键 词：前交叉韧带 足球专项体能测试 单脚落地跳 侧切 运动学 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]