中医外治法治疗小儿支气管炎概况  

General Situation of External Therapies of TCM in the Treatment of Children′s Bronchitis

作　　者：范晓林 于全君 戎姣 庄倩 井夫杰[1] FAN Xiao-lin;YU Quan-jun;RONG Jiao;ZHUANG Qian;JING Fu-jie(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan,Shandong,China,250014;Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan,Shandong,China,250014)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学,山东济南250014 [2]山东中医药大学附属医院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《河南中医》2021年第8期1262-1266,共5页Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：山东省中医药科技发展计划项目(2019-0053)。

摘　　要：小儿支气管炎的外治法主要有推拿疗法、刺血疗法、耳穴疗法、贴敷疗法、中药灌肠疗法、中药外洗疗法、经皮给药疗法、雾化吸入疗法、拔罐疗法、穴位注射疗法及综合疗法。贴敷疗法可清肺化痰、降气定喘,但容易过敏和起泡。中药外洗可使药物直接作用于皮肤,但存在过敏问题且操作较繁琐。耳穴疗法有调和气血、平衡阴阳的作用,但存在耳部揉捏时刺激较大,耳豆容易脱落,按揉刺激穴位不到位的缺点。拔罐疗法具有通络、止咳、行气、降逆等作用,但存在疼痛感较强,患儿依从性较差等问题。中药灌肠疗法具有给药量较大、保留时间较长、无创伤等优点,但存在患儿不适感较强,依从性差等问题。雾化吸入可直接作用于呼吸道和靶器官,但雾气的刺激易引起呼吸频率的改变,造成患儿憋闷等不适。穴位注射疗法可使穴位刺激的时间和强度延长,但患儿疼痛感强,依从性差。推拿疗法可调整患儿机体功能状态,协调脏腑功能,患儿依从性较高。综合疗法则依据小儿支气管炎的特点及不同疗法、不同优势,联合形成综合治疗模式,疗效较好。虽然中医外治法治疗小儿支气管炎的临床报道较多,但现有的报道多为经验总结;实验研究较少,而且由于对作用机制的研究较少,临床研究的科研设计不严谨、不完整,甚至缺乏对照组,降低了数据的可信度,疗程长短不一,缺乏统一的疗效标准、诊断标准、评价标准,不能客观、真实、系统地评价各种外治法的确切疗效。因此,完善现有资料,统一评价标准,为今后进一步客观评价中医外治法的确切疗效提供依据。The external therapies of children′s bronchitis mainly include massage therapy,blood-pricking therapy,auricular point therapy,application therapy,Chinese medicinal enema therapy,transcutaneous drug delivery therapy,aerosol inhalation therapy,cupping therapy,acupoint injection,and comprehensive therapy.Acupoint application can clear the lung and resolve phlegm,descend counter-flow of qi and remove asthma,but it is easy to be allergic and blistering.Chinese medicinals for external washing can make the drugs act on the skin directly,but there are allergic problems and the operation is complicated.Auricular point therapy has the function of regulating qi and blood and balancing yin and yang,but it has the disadvantages of big stimulation when kneading the ear,ear beans are easy to fall off,and the acupoints are not in place when kneading.Cupping therapy has the functions of dredging collaterals,relieving cough,promoting qi and descending counter-flow of qi,but it has some problems such as strong pain and poor compliance.Chinese medicinal enema therapy has the advantages of large dosage,longer retention time and no trauma,but there are some problems such as strong discomfort and poor compliance.Atomization inhalation therapy can directly affect the respiratory tract and target organs,but the stimulation of fog can easily cause the change of respiratory rate,resulting in suffocation and other discomfort in children.Acupoint injection therapy can prolong the time and intensity of acupoint stimulation,but children have strong pain and poor compliance.Massage therapy can adjust children′s body function state,coordinate viscera function,and children′s compliance is high.According to the characteristics of children′s bronchitis,different therapies and different advantages,the comprehensive treatment mode is formed,and the curative effect is outstanding.Although there are many clinical reports on the treatment of acute bronchitis in children with external therapies of TCM,the existing reports are mostly experience su

关 键 词：支气管炎 小儿 中医外治法 推拿疗法 针刺疗法 耳穴疗法 贴敷疗法 中药灌肠疗法 中药外洗疗法 雾化疗法 拔罐疗法 穴位注射疗法 综合疗法 

分 类 号：R272.925.6[医药卫生—中医儿科学]