不同耕作方式对玉米生长发育、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage Managements on Growth,Yield and Quality of Maize

作　　者：吕巨智[1] 范继征[1] 谢小东[1] 石达金[1] 钟昌松[1] 程伟东[1] Lü Juzhi;Fan Jizheng;Xie Xiaodong;Shi Dajin;Zhong Changsong;Cheng Weidong(Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第7期34-38,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系南宁玉米综合试验站项目(CARS-02-77);广西创新发展专项(桂科AA17204049-3,桂科AA17204050-5);广西农业科学院玉米科技发展基金项目(桂玉科2017014,桂玉科2017015);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2021JM44)。

摘　　要：通过研究不同耕作方式对玉米生长发育、产量及品质的影响,找出广西玉米生产中的最佳耕作方式。本试验以桂单162为材料,研究常规旋耕25cm(对照)、深松35cm+免耕、深松35cm+旋耕25cm和免耕共4种耕作方式下的玉米叶面积指数、株高、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素和玉米籽粒品质的变化特征。结果表明,与对照(RT)相比,深松方式下玉米株高、叶面积指数、单株干物质积累量均较高。与RT相比,深松不仅能使玉米百粒重显著提高,同时也能提高玉米的行粒数和穗行数,穗长、穗粗和秃尖长均有不同程度的改善,产量增幅为11.17%~13.59%。与RT相比,深松处理玉米籽粒淀粉含量降低4.19%~4.33%,脂肪含量提高1.93%~4.14%,蛋白质含量提高9.46%~15.49%。综之,与传统耕作(RT)相比,深松处理在提高玉米产量和品质方面效果明显,其中以深松35cm+免耕的效果较优,适合在广西山地玉米生产中推广应用。The effects of different tillage managements on growth, yield and grain quality of maize were studied in this experiment in order to find out the optimum tillage method for Guangxi maize production. Guidan 162 was used as material,and four tillage methods were set as 25-cm conventional rotary tillage(RT), combination of 35-cm subsoiling and no-tillage, combination of 35-cm subsoiling and 25-cm rotary tillage, and no tillage. The variation of leaf area index, plant height, dry matter accumulation, yield and its components, and grain quality were studied. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of single plant under subsoiling treatments were higher compared with RT. Subsoiling could increase not only the 100-kernel weight of maize significantly, but also the kernels per row and rows per ear. The ear length, ear diameter and barren tip length were also improved by subsoiling, and the yield increased by 11.17%~13.59%. Compared to conventional rotary tillage, the starch content of maize decreased by 4.19%~4.33%, and the fat and protein contents increased by 1.93%~4.14% and 9.46%~15.49% respectively under subsoiling treatments. In conclusion, subsoiling could significantly increase grain yield and quality of maize compared with conventional rotary tillage, especially the combination of 35-cm subsoiling and no-tillage, which was suitable for extension and application in mountain areas of Guangxi.

关 键 词：玉米 耕作方式 生长发育 产量 品质 广西 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]