不同形态氮对谷子生长和氮利用的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Foxtail Millet

作　　者：崔纪菡 刘猛[1] 赵宇[1] 宋世佳[2] 刘旭[1] 夏雪岩[1] 李顺国[1] 刘建军 Cui Jihan;Liu Meng;Zhao Yu;Song Shijia;Liu Xu;Xia Xueyan;Li Shunguo;Liu Jianjun(Institute of Millet Crops,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Minor Cereal Crops Research Laboratory of Hebei Province/National Foxtail Millet Improvement Center,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;Hebei Academy of Coarse Cereals Industry Technology,Handan 056000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院谷子研究所/河北省杂粮研究实验室/国家谷子改良中心,河北石家庄050035 [2]河北省农林科学院,河北石家庄050000 [3]河北省杂粮产业技术研究院,河北邯郸05600

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第7期58-64,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2019YFD1001700);2019—2020年河北省农林科学院农业科技创新工程项目(2019-4-2-2);河北省农林科学院农业科技创新人才队伍建设项目(2018年);河北省杂粮杂豆产业技术体系项目(HBCT2018070205);河北省重点研发计划项目(20326416D)。

摘　　要：试验以冀谷38为材料,采用蛭石养苗法给谷子幼苗分别浇灌无氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和铵态氮-硝态氮混合营养液,通过对谷子形态、干物质重和氮素含量等指标的测定,研究不同形态氮对谷子生长发育和氮利用的影响。结果表明,硝态氮促进谷子生长,提高其株高、穗长、根长、根面积、根茎叶部干物质重,但降低穗部干物质重和穗氮占比;铵态氮延缓谷子生长,抑制根系对钾离子的吸收,但有助于提高穗部干物质重、各器官氮素累积量和穗氮占比;铵态氮-硝态氮混合处理时,植株生长、穗部发育和氮素累积较为均衡。这表明铵态氮是谷子较易利用的形态氮,谷子对铵态氮的吸收高于硝态氮,硝态氮促进谷子营养器官的生长,铵态氮促进谷子氮素累积和提高穗部产量,铵态氮-硝态氮混合处理对谷子生长、穗部产量、氮素利用均有提升效果。To explore the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and their combined application on growth and nitrogen utilization of foxtail millet, the experiment was conducted with Jigu 38 as material and by irrigating nutrient solutions with no nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and mixture of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,respectively. The seedlings were cultured with vermiculite. The morphology, dry matter, nitrogen content and other parameters were detected. The results showed that nitrate nitrogen promoted the growth of foxtail millet, increased plant height, ear length, root length, root area, dry matter of root, stem and leaves, but decreased the dry matter of ear and the proportion of spike to nitrogen. Ammonium nitrogen delayed the growth of foxtail millet and inhibited the absorption of potassium ions by roots, but it was helpful to increase the dry matter of panicles, the accumulation of nitrogen in different organs and the proportion of nitrogen in panicles. The plant growth, panicle development and nitrogen accumulation were balanced in the mixed treatment of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. In conclusion, ammonium nitrogen was an easy to use nitrogen form for foxtail millet. The absorption of ammonium nitrogen by millet was higher than that of nitrate nitrogen. Nitrate nitrogen promoted the growth of foxtail millet vegetative organs, while ammonium nitrogen promoted the accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in ear. The mixed treatment of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen had beneficial effects on growth, ear yield and nitrogen utilization of foxtail millet.

关 键 词：谷子 氮累积 铵态氮 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S515.062[农业科学—作物学]