中国西南地区牛场奶牛福利状况调研报告  

Investigation Report on Welfare of Dairy Farms in Southwest China

作　　者：陈晓阳 顾宪红[1] 孙福昱 CHEN Xiao-yang;GU Xian-hong;SUN Fu-yu(Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2021年第7期16-19,共4页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0502003);北京市奶牛产业创新团队项目(BAIC06-2021);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07)。

摘　　要：为考察中国西南地区牛场饲养管理情况,本次专项调研收集了来自四川、云南、贵州、重庆的47家存栏量100头以上的规模化奶牛场数据,分析了牛场福利设施的配备情况及其相关泌乳牛产奶量、肢蹄病数据。结果得出:(1)配备牛体刷的牛场占比为14.9%,其年平均产奶量比没有配备牛体刷的牛场高17.6%;配备防滑道、橡胶过道、蹄浴池的牛场占比分别为89.4%、68.1%、70.2%,相比没有配备防滑道、橡胶过道、蹄浴池的牛场年平均产奶量分别高3.3%、12.5%、18.8%,奶牛肢蹄病发病率在5%以上的牛场占比分别低44.8、44.8、50.0个百分点。(2)配有卧床的牛场占70.2%,其泌乳牛年平均产奶量比没有配备卧床的牛场高13.1%。(3)配有运动场的牛场占36.2%,与没有配备运动场的牛场相比泌乳牛年平均产奶量高13.6%。运动场占有面积平均每头牛少于5m2、5~10m2、大于10m2的牛场分别占23.5%、47.1%、29.4%,随着每头牛占有的运动场面积的增加,牛场泌乳牛年平均产奶量逐渐提高。综上,牛场配备牛体刷、防滑道、橡胶过道、蹄浴池、卧床和运动场均有利于提高奶牛产奶量或肢蹄健康,应重视这些配置的投入,特别是牛体刷和运动场配置还有很大的提高空间。In order to investigate the feeding management of dairy farms in Southwest China,this special survey collected the data of 47 dairy farms with more than 100 heads in stock from Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou,and Chongqing,and analyzed the availability of welfare facilities,and milk yield,hoof disease data in dairy farms investigated.The results are as follows:(1)the percentage of farms equipped with cow body brushes was 14.9%,and their average annual milk production was 17.6%higher than that of farms not equipped with cow body brushes;Farms equipped with anti-slip paths,rubber aisles,and hoof baths accounted for 89.4%,68.1%and 70.2%,of which cattle farms the average annual milk production increased by 3.3%,12.5%and 18.8%hoof and limb disease incidence of 5%or more reduced by 44.8%,44.8%and 50%,compared with farms not equipped with anti-slip paths,rubber aisles,and hoof baths,respectively.(2)Farms with bedding accounted for 70.2%had 13.1%higher average annual milk production of lactating cows compared to farms without bedding.(3)Farms with exercise yards accounting for 36.2%had 13.6%higher average annual milk production of lactating cows compared to farms without exercise yards.Exercise yards of less than 5 m2,5-10 m2 and more than 10 m2 per cow accounted for 23.5%,47.1%and 29.4%,respectively,and the average annual milk production of lactating cows on farms gradually increased as the area of exercise yards occupied by each cow increased.In conclusion,cattle farms equipped with cow body brush,anti-slip path,rubber aisle,hoof bath,bedding and exercise yard are beneficial to improve milk yield or limb and hoof health of cows,of which welfare facilities should be paid attention,especially cow body brush and exercise yard has a lot of space for more configuration.

关 键 词：奶牛 福利设施 产奶量 肢蹄病 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]