终身监禁制度实现刑罚目的可能性之探讨  

Debate on the Possibility to Realize the Purposes of Punishment through Life Imprisonment

作　　者：涂欣筠 Tu Xinyun

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2021年第3期65-78,共14页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：国家社科基金年度项目“实证视角下中国刑罚执行制度完善研究”(项目批准号:16BFX055)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：终身监禁作为一项刑罚制度,它的存在及具体的制度设计需与刑罚目的相一致。刑罚报应主义和功利主义是刑罚目的理论主要两大对立观点,刑罚报应主义强调刑罚的相当性,认为罪犯该当与其道德可责性相一致的惩罚。刑罚功利主义则认为刑罚目的在于实现好的结果,即预防犯罪损害的发生。然二者之间的对立并非不可调和,近现代刑罚目的理论既将报应主义作为基本原则,又主张对犯罪与刑罚予以功利主义的考量。就终身监禁制度而言,它既可满足刑罚报应主义对惩罚的需要,又可通过对罪犯犯罪能力的剥夺起到良好的威慑和特殊预防效果,具有实现刑罚目的之可能。但基于终身监禁的残酷性,应仅将其作为刑罚的最后必要手段,在具体适用上仍需个案探讨。As a kind of penalty,the exist and design of life imprisonment should be coordinated with the purposes of punishment.Retributivism and utilitarianism are the main opposite views on the purposes of punishment.Retributivism emphasizes punitive sanction,holds that offender deserves the punishment which consistent with moral accountability.Utilitarianism maintains that the purposes of punishment are to realize good results,especially preventing the damages of crime.However,these views are not incompatible.Recent theories about the purposes of punishment not only treat retributivism as the basic principle,but also try to balance crime and punishment from the view of utilitarianism.In terms of life imprisonment,it can not only fulfill the demand for retribution,but can also play an important role in deterrence and special prevention through incapacitation,so that to realize the purposes of punishment.On account of the severity of life imprisonment,it can only be used as the last necessary resort,whether to apply or not should be debated case by case.

关 键 词：终身监禁 刑罚目的 报应主义 功利主义 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]