生物污染对反渗透膜的微观结构和宏观性能的影响  

Effects of Biological Fouling on Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties of Reverse Osmosis Membrane

作　　者：于慧 张梦 宋杰 吴非洋 徐显 潘献辉 YU Hui;ZHANG Meng;SONG Jie;WU Fei-yang;XU Xian;PAN Xian-hui(The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization,MNR,Tianjin 300192,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2021年第11期46-51,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(K-JBYWF 2016-T14、K-JBYWF 2018-T06)。

摘　　要：随着反渗透膜的生物污染问题日益显现,抗生物污染膜的研发与应用成为关注热点。目前膜的抗菌性的评价方法都是对膜表面的抗菌性能的静态评价,而动态测试法更接近实际使用条件,对污染前后反渗透膜微观结构的表征可以进一步了解生物污染的污染机理。以大肠杆菌为生物污染模型,采用动态试验研究了生物污染引起的膜渗透性能衰减和微观结构变化。结果表明:反渗透膜表面形成的生物膜,导致水通量快速衰减50%以上;扫描电镜结果显示膜表面已被生物膜完全覆盖;荧光显微镜结果显示膜表面生物膜同时存在活菌和死菌;膜的生物污染导致膜表面亲水性降低、电位升高、粗糙度增加,红外光谱在1734.68 cm-1处出现新的吸收峰表明蛋白质和酯类存在于反渗透膜的表面。生物膜将分离层覆盖,进而影响膜表面性能和渗透性能,生物污染是对膜的整体性能影响较大的一种污染类型,预防生物污染尤为重要。As the problem of biological fouling of reverse osmosis(RO)membrane becomes more and more serious,the development and application of anti-biological fouling membrane become the focus of attention.At present,evaluation methods of membrane antibacterial property are static evaluating the antibacterial properties of membrane surface,while the dynamic test method is closer to the actual conditions of membrane operation.The characterization of the microstructure of a reverse osmosis membrane before and after fouling can further understand the membrane fouling mechanism of biological fouling.Using E.coli as a biological fouling model,the attenuation of membrane permeability and variations in microstructure caused by biological fouling were explored by dynamic experiments.The biofilm formed on the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane led to a rapid decrease of membrane water flux by more than 50%.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed that the membrane surface was completely covered by biofilm.Fluorescence microscope showed that there were both live and dead bacteria in the biofilm.Biological fouling of the membrane resulted in decrease of hydrophilicity and increase of potential and roughness of the membrane surface.A new absorption peak at 1734.68 cm-1 detected by infrared spectra indicated that proteins and esters existed on the surface of the RO membrane.Biofilm covered the separation layer,which thus affected the membrane surface performance and permeability.Biological fouling is a type of fouling which has a great impact on overall performances of membrane,so it is particularly important to prevent biological fouling.

关 键 词：反渗透膜 生物污染 微观形貌 渗透性能 脱盐率 产水量 

分 类 号：TU992.3[建筑科学—市政工程]