滇池流域城市居民家庭生活污水特征研究  

Characteristics of Urban Residents Domestic Sewage in Dianchi Lake Watershed

作　　者：吴雪 张英 何佳 周鸿斌 邓伟明 WU Xue;ZHANG Ying;HE Jia;ZHOU Hong-bin;DENG Wei-ming(Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Science,Kunming 650032,China;Yunnan Gaoke Environmental Protection Technology Co.Ltd.,Kunming 650032,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明市生态环境科学研究院,云南昆明650032 [2]云南高科环境保护科技有限公司,云南昆明650032

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2021年第11期89-95,共7页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07102-001-001);滇池流域水质目标管理和总量控制优化方案研究项目。

摘　　要：家庭生活污水是滇池流域污染负荷的主要来源之一,对家庭生活污水特征进行研究是采取有针对性污染控制措施的基础。磷是滇池流域最常见的水质超标因子,也是造成滇池富营养化的重要原因之一。监测滇池流域城市生活污水水质水量和常见的家用洗涤洗护用品磷含量的结果表明,滇池流域城市居民家庭生活污水中COD、TP、NH3-N和TN的平均浓度分别为527、13.586、53.825、82.47 mg/L,人均排污系数分别为70.12、1.80、7.17和10.97 g/(人·d);来自家庭生活的TP占全流域TP产生量的60.0%,占入湖量的65.6%;滇池流域来自家用洗涤洗护用品的人均TP产生量为1.93 g/(人·年),2018年洗涤洗护用品贡献的TP为7.9 t,占城镇生活源TP产生量的0.3%,滇池流域“禁磷”成效显著。人均排污系数是研究污染负荷总量的重要参数,会随着生活水平的提高而发生变化,应建立长期、持续的跟踪研究机制,以推动流域精准治污;对于磷的控制应综合施策,在不断提升流域生活污水收集处理率的同时,加强面源污染控制。Domestic sewage is one of the main sources of pollution load in Dianchi Lake Watershed,and domestic sewage characteristics are the basis of taking specific measures to control the pollution.Phosphorus is the most common factor exceeding the water quality standard in Dianchi Lake Watershed and also one of the important causes for eutrophication of Dianchi Lake.Water quality and quantity of urban sewage and phosphorus content of common household washing products in Dianchi Lake Watershed were monitored.Average COD,TP,NH3-N and TN of domestic sewage were 527 mg/L,13.586 mg/L,53.825 mg/L and 82.47 mg/L,respectively,and the per capita pollution coefficients were 70.12 g/(person·d),1.80 g/(person·d),7.17 g/(person·d)and 10.97 g/(person·d),respectively.TP from household accounted for 60.0%of the total TP generation in the watershed and 65.6%of TP discharged into the lake.In Dianchi Lake Watershed,the per capita TP production of domestic detergents and toiletries was 1.93 g/(person·a),and the TP contribution from domestic detergents and toiletries was 7.9 tons in 2018,accounting for 0.3%of the TP production from urban living sources.The“phosphorus prohibition”in Dianchi Lake Watershed had achieved remarkable performance.The per capita pollution coefficient is an important parameter to determine the total pollution load,which may change with improving living standard.Establishing a long-term and continuous tracking system is necessary to promote accurate pollution control in the watershed.Comprehensive measures should be taken for phosphorus control,and non-point source pollution control should be strengthened while domestic sewage collection and treatment rate in the watershed is continuously improved.

关 键 词：滇池流域 家庭生活污水 生活污染负荷 磷 人均排污系数 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]