加罗法洛的犯罪原因论与犯罪对策论探析  

An Analysis of Garofalo’s Theories of Criminal Caussation and Criminal Countermeasures

作　　者：薛夷风[1] Xue Yifeng

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2021年第4期116-130,共15页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络金融犯罪的综合治理研究”(项目编号:17ZDA148)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为近代实证主义犯罪学先锋的加罗法洛具有丰富的犯罪学思想,正如其代表作的意大利文版书名《犯罪学:关于犯罪原因和犯罪抑制的方法》所揭示,其核心思想由犯罪原因论与犯罪对策论构成。加罗法洛基于心理学并以侵害基本道德情感为实质判断而提出社会学意义上的犯罪定义,据此划分"自然犯罪"与"法定犯罪",展开犯罪人分类,以及在刑罚个别化思想之下的"消除""赔偿"二元惩罚对策,都具有历史贡献。尤其他基于经验基础的犯罪定义、犯罪被害人的国家补偿制度设计,独具特色,深刻影响着当代刑事政策的走向。当然,其犯罪学思想也深受当时社会达尔文主义等学说的影响而具有时代局限性。As a pioneer of the modern positivist criminology,Raff aele Garofalo has a broad range of criminological theories.As revealed in his representative work Criminology:Approaches to Causes and Suppression of Crime in Italian demonstrates,his core idea is composed of the theory of criminal causes and the theory of criminal countermeasures.Garofalo,basing his theory on psychology and substantive judgment on the infringement of the basic moral sentiments,proposed a defi nition of crime in the sense of sociology.According to this,he diff erentiated between"natural crime"and"statutory crime",from which he developed the categorization of criminals,and the binary punishment strategies of"elimination"and"restitution"under the infl uence of the individualization of punishment.These are of historical signifi cance.Particularly,his defi nition of crime based on experience and the design of the state compensation regime for victims are unique and have a profound impact on the trend of contemporary criminal policy.Of course,his criminological theory had contemporary limitations,infl uenced by Social Darwinism and other theories at that time.

关 键 词：犯罪定义 自然犯罪 犯罪人类型 犯罪对策 犯罪被害人补偿制度 

分 类 号：D917[政治法律—法学]