大倾角煤层无人工作面深孔爆破技术研究  

Study on deep hole blasting technology in unmanned working face of steep seam

作　　者：韩亮[1] 刘聚友 彭瑞[1] HAN Liang;LIU Juyou;PENG Rui(College of Safety Engineering,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Beijing 101601,China;Shaanxi Linbei Coal Industry Development Co.,Ltd.,Baoji 721505,China)

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院安全工程学院,北京101601 [2]陕西麟北煤业开发有限责任公司,陕西宝鸡721505

出　　处：《中国矿业》2021年第8期144-148,共5页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目资助(编号:3142017092);河北省自然科学基金项目资助(编号:E2019508088);国家自然科学基金项目资助(编号:51804119)。

摘　　要：为解决大倾角煤层无人工作面深孔爆破落煤技术中存在的钻孔精度差、装药速度慢、装药难度大、施工效率低等问题,本文依托大量深孔爆破工程案例,系统分析了造成钻孔轨迹偏差及深度偏差的原因,总结了钻孔塌孔原因及深孔装药难点。通过现场试验,提出了包含钻孔纠偏、防塌孔及深孔上行装药工艺的大倾角煤层无人工作面深孔爆破技术,并研制了一种能够满足药包在炮孔内自稳的装药爆破筒。现场应用表明,钻孔纠偏可以通过合理布置炮孔、合理设计孔径及孔深、合理选择钻机以及强化现场操作培训的方式解决;通过钻孔后立即插入柔性套管可有效避免塌孔;通过设计上行装药爆破筒可解决深孔装药的难题。该技术可有效提高爆破进度,大大减小了施工过程中与原设计的偏差,对于大倾角煤层无人工作面开采工艺起到了积极的推动作用。In order to solve the problems of poor drilling accuracy,slow charging speed,difficult charging and low construction efficiency in deep hole blasting technology of unmanned working face in steep seam,this paper systematically analyzes the causes of drilling trajectory deviation and depth deviation,summarizes the causes of hole collapse and the difficulties of deep hole charging based on a large number of deep hole blasting engineering cases.Through field test,the deep hole blasting technology of unmanned working face in steep seam is put forward,including borehole deviation correction,anti-collapse hole and deep hole upward charging technology,and a kind of charging blasting barrel which can meet the self-stability of the charge in the blast hole is developed.Field application shows that borehole deviation correction can be solved by reasonable arrangement of blastholes,reasonable design of hole diameter and depth,reasonable selection of drilling rig and strengthening on-site operation training;hole collapse can be effectively avoided by inserting flexible casing immediately after drilling;the problem of deep hole charging can be solved by designing upward charging blasting barrel.This technology can effectively improve the blasting progress,greatly reduce the deviation from the original design in the construction process,and play a positive role in promoting the mining technology of unmanned working face in steep seam.

关 键 词：大倾角煤层 深孔爆破 钻孔精度 塌孔 装药 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]