阿富汗主要传染病流行概况  

Epidemiology of major infectious diseases in Afghanistan

作　　者：韩桃利 孙灵利[1] 王英[2] Han Taoli;Sun Lingli;Wang Ying(Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China;National Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心,北京100021 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,北京102206

出　　处：《疾病监测》2021年第6期554-560,共7页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(No.2018ZX10101002-003-004);北京市朝阳区科技计划(No.CYSF2011)。

摘　　要：为加深对“丝绸之路经济带”沿线国家传染病流行情况的了解,同时,为预防传染病跨境传播提供基础数据,本研究通过文献检索对阿富汗多种重要传染病进行了概括总结。多年来,阿富汗持续报告Ⅰ型脊髓灰质炎病例。仅2020年1—7月就报告41例,并与巴基斯坦存在跨境传播,使全球消除脊灰的目标难以实现;麻疹疫苗覆盖率较低,会对全球麻疹消除带来不利影响;利什曼病未纳入该国法定报告传染病监测系统,实际感染者人数被低估;克里米亚-刚果出血热暴发流行常常带来较高的病死率。阿富汗传染病预防控制有赖国家的进一步稳定和经济的发展。伴随“丝绸之路经济带”倡议的推进,建议将传染病预防控制作为卫生领域合作的必要内容。To further understand the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and provide basic data for the prevention and control of cross-border transmission of infectious diseases.This paper summarizes the incidences of multi important infectious diseases in Afghanistan based on the results of literature retrieval.For years,poliomyelitis,caused by wild poliovirusⅠ,has been reported in Afghanistan,41 cases were reported only during January-July,2020,and there is cross-border transmission of poliovirus between Afghanistan and Pakistan,resulting in difficulty for global poliomyelitis eradication.The measles vaccination coverage is low,which has negative influence on global measles eradication.Leishmaniasis is not included in the national notifiable disease list of Afghanistan,the actual case number might be underestimated.Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreaks frequently occur with high case fatality rate.The control of infectious diseases in Afghanistan depends on the further social stability and economic development of the country.It is suggested to include infectious disease prevention and control in the health promotion cooperation along the Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative.

关 键 词：阿富汗 脊髓灰质炎 结核病 疟疾 利什曼病 克里米亚-刚果出血热 麻疹 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R183