糖尿病肾病患者家庭照顾者照顾活动和支持行为现状的调查分析  

Survey and analysis of the present situation of caregivers' caring activities and supportive behaviors of family caregivers for patients with diabetic kidney disease

作　　者：丁兰[1] 林梅[2] 张清[3] 王泽慧 师俊华[1] Ding Lan;Lin Mei;Zhang Qing;Wang Zehui;Shi Junhua(Department of Nephrology Medicine,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital,Tianjin 300052,China;Department of Nursing,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital,Tianjin 300052,China;School of Nursing,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院肾脏内科,天津300052 [2]天津医科大学总医院护理部,天津300052 [3]天津医科大学护理学院,300070

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2021年第22期2981-2987,共7页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的调查糖尿病肾病患者家庭照顾者照顾活动和支持行为的现状并分析影响因素。方法于2019年2—10月通过便利抽样法选取天津市某三级甲等综合医院肾脏内科病房及某糖尿病专科医院糖尿病肾病科住院的280名糖尿病肾病患者的家庭照顾者作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、Barthel指数评分表、糖尿病照顾者活动和支持量表、社会支持评定量表、一般自我效能感量表、Zarit护理负担量表进行调查,探讨影响糖尿病肾病患者家庭照顾者照顾活动和支持行为的因素。结果280名家庭照顾者照顾活动和支持行为总分为(61.32±8.07)分;多重逐步线性回归分析显示患者的自理能力,家庭照顾者的自我效能、社会支持、照顾负担、性别、文化程度是影响家庭照顾者照顾活动和支持行为的因素(调整R2=0.558,F=59.769,P<0.001)。结论糖尿病肾病患者家庭照顾者的照顾活动和支持行为有待进一步提高,临床医护人员应多关注自理能力差的患者及自我效能感低、社会支持水平低、照顾负担重、女性、文化程度低的家庭照顾者,从家庭照顾者的角度提供健康教育和培训,协助家庭照顾者提高其照顾活动和支持行为的能力。Objective To investigate the current status of care activities and supportive behaviors for family caregivers of patients with diabetic kidney disease and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods A total of 280 family caregivers for diabetic kidney disease were chosen by convenience sampling in a Nephrology Ward of a ClassⅢGrade A general hospital and a Diabetic Nephropathy Department of a diabetes specialist hospital in Tianjin from February to October 2019.The general information questionnaire,Barthel Index,Diabetes Caregiver Activity and Support Scale,Social Support Rating Scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale,Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview Scale were applied to conduct an investigation,and to explore the factors affecting the caring activities and supportive behaviors of family caregivers of patients with diabetic kidney disease.Results The total score of caring activities and supporting behaviors of 280 family caregivers of patients with diabetic kidney disease was(61.23±8.07).Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that patients'self-care ability,family caregivers'self-efficacy,social support,caring burden,gender,education level were the factors influencing the caring activities and supportive behaviors of family caregivers(adjusted R2=0.558,F=59.769,P<0.001).Conclusions Family caregivers need to improve their caring activities and supportive behaviors further,and clinical staff should pay more attention to patients with following features:poor self-care abilities,low self-efficacy,low levels of social support,heavy caring burdens,female,and low levels of education,as well as to provide health education and training from the perspective of family caregivers to assist them in improving their caring activities and supportive behaviors.

关 键 词：糖尿病肾病 家庭照顾者 照顾活动和支持行为 调查分析 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]