简便的HIV核酸检测方法研究进展  

Research progress of simple HIV nucleic acid testing

作　　者：刘平 张鑫 肖瑶[1] 金聪[1] LIU Ping;ZHANG Xin;XIAO Yao;JIN Cong(Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,STD/AIDS Control Center,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2021年第7期780-784,共5页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10301102-003,2018ZX10732101-001-010);北京市科技计划课题(D171100006717001)。

摘　　要：HIV的核酸检测在早期诊断、监测抗病毒治疗效果以及HIV感染婴儿的诊断中具有重要作用,但现有的HIV核酸检测方法操作复杂、耗时长且成本高。发展简便的HIV核酸检测方法成为近年来的研究热点,其中焦磷酸化激活性聚合反应(PAP)具有较高的特异性,且无需反转录酶处理即可实现RNA的扩增;重组酶聚合酶扩增(RPA)利用人体温度即可催化反应;环等温扩增(LAMP)对设备要求简单,灵敏度和特异性都较高,结果肉眼可见;螺旋酶依赖的扩增(HDA)和链置换扩增反应(SDA)的机制简单,可以一步完成反应。这些HIV核酸检测方法操作简便并可快速获得检测结果,适于在资源有限地区进行,未来可应用于HIV感染的早期检测。HIV nucleic acid detection plays a vital role in early diagnosis,monitoring the effects of antiretroviral therapy,and diagnosis of HIV-infected infants.However,the existing HIV nucleic acid detection methods are complicated,time-consuming,and costly.The development of simple HIV nucleic acid detection methods has become a research hotspot in recent years.Pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization(PAP)has high specificity,and RNA amplification can be achieved without reverse transcriptase catalysis.Recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)can catalyze reactions using human body temperature.Eyes can see Loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)which only requires simple equipment with high sensitivity and specificity.The mechanism of helicase-dependent isothermal amplification(HDA)and strand displacement amplification(SDA)are simple,and the reaction can be completed in one step.These HIV nucleic acid testing methods are rapid and straightforward,suitable for resource-limited areas,and can be applied to early detection of HIV infection in the future.

关 键 词：艾滋病病毒 核酸检测 等温扩增 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]