《民法典》视域下共同危险行为规则解释论--基于案例统计的分析  

Interpretation of Alternative Liability from the Perspective of Civil Code:An Analysis based on Case Statistics

作　　者：季若望 Ji Ruowang(Zhejiang Gongshang University Law School)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2021年第4期113-128,194,共17页The Jurist

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学青年基金项目“人工智能背景下的未来损害责任体系研究”(20CFX003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：共同危险责任的探讨由来已久,但学界至今仍未曾真正深入地以我国实际案例为基础探讨,《民法典》第1170条也未对此作出回应。在对796件案例抽样分析后,发现司法实务中存在请求权基础不明、构成要件标准不一、损害赔偿的责任份额认识不清等问题,重构实有必要。从构成要件来看,共同危险责任的"危险性"应当包含行为的致害可能性、行为的同类致害性和危险的不合理性。而对"共同"的理解应当是"与致害事实紧密相关的最短时间间隔"。从损害赔偿的计算来看,责任份额的确定应当以"非平均分担"为原则,以"平均分担"为补充,具体的判断标准有过错程度、危险行为的可归责性与致害可能性等,而大数据技术对相关关系的探寻可能会促进判断标准的精细化。It is a pity that the academic articles have not truly discussed the system of Alternative Liability based on the actual cases in China,the Civil Code has not responded to this as well.Therefore,on the basis of sampling analysis on 796 cases,the author finds that there are some problems in the judicial practice,such as unclear legal basis of claimed right,different standards of constituent elements,unclear understanding of liability share of damage compensation,so it is necessary to reconstruct the system.From the perspective of constitutive elements,the"danger"of Alternative Liability should include the possibility of harm caused by the act,the similar harm caused by the act and the irrationality of the risk.The understanding of"common"should be"the shortest time interval closely related to the facts causing harm".As for the calculation of damages,the determination of liability share should be based on the principle of"non-equal sharing"and supplemented by"equal sharing",and the specific judgment criteria include the degree of fault,the imputability of Alternative Liability and the possibility of causing harm.The exploration of correlation by big data technology may promote the refinement of judgment criteria.

关 键 词：共同危险行为 侵权人不明 比例责任 大数据 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]