代议制政府与代表制政府:一个理论和历史的比较  

Representative Government and Representational Government:A Theoretical and Historical Perspective

作　　者：陈明明[1] 陈远星 CHEN Mingming;CHEN Yuanxing

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《学术月刊》2021年第7期78-90,共13页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：作为随着代表观念及其实践发展而来的一种委托代理政府形式,代议制和代表制同属现代政治,但两者的历史背景、制度原理、运行特征和价值偏好具有重要区别。代议制强调选举的授权功能,认为竞争性的自由选举是代表(议员)产生和政府施政的合法性基础,代表制则强调政府的回应性和可问责性,把能否有效反映和满足民众的客观需求作为政府好坏的根本标准。这两种不同的政府形式依托不同的代表理论、民主理论和授权-问责形式。中国代表制政府的双重代表结构是现代政治条件下中国国家治理制度化的一个重要特征。The form of " principal-agent" government developed from representative notion and its practice. Representative system and representational system are both belong to modern politics, but also have significant distinction in historical background, institutional principle, operational characteristics and value preference. Representative system emphasizes on the authorization function of election, believe competitive free election is the foundation of generating representatives(members of parliament) and legitimacy of government policies. The representational system emphasizes on the responsiveness and accountability of the government. It takes account of whether the government is able to respond and meet the needs of people as the criteria of good governance. The two forms of government based on different kinds of representative theory, democratic theory and ‘authorization-accountability’ pattern. The dual representational structureof Chinese representational system is an important feature of the institutionalization of China’s national governance under modern political conditions.

关 键 词：代议制 代表制 委托代理 授权与问责 

分 类 号：DO