科学决策的盲区——19世纪英国海洋拖网渔业立法依据转型的思考  

Blind Spots in Scientific Decision-Making:Taking the 19th Century British Marine Trawl Fisheries Legislation as an Example

作　　者：征咪 Zheng Mi

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《史学月刊》2021年第7期92-100,共9页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：作为一种高效捕鱼的技术手段,拖网因其破坏性的工作方式,在英国历史上长期受到渔民群体的抵制和政府的警惕。19世纪中期之后,英国政府在经济效益的刺激之下,建立调查委员会对渔业状况展开调查,“科学决策”取代了渔民的经验传统,政府对拖网的态度因此从限制转向鼓励,从而为工业化捕鱼的无节制掠夺开启了大门。从英国海洋拖网渔业立法基调的调整过程中可以看到,在处理人与自然的相关议题时,将当下科学研究成果视为唯一可靠的决策依据,缺乏对自然的敬畏和对传统经验的尊重,将会造成难以挽回的灾难性后果。As an efficient fishing technique,trawling has long been resisted by fishermen and watched over by the government throughout British history because of its destructive working methods.After the mid-nineteenth century,the British government established commissions to investigate the state of the fishing industry.Scientific decision-making replaced the empirical traditions,and government attitudes toward trawling thus shifted from restriction to encouragement.The adjustment of the tone of the British marine trawl legislation shows that when dealing with issues related to nature,taking the results of current scientific research as the only reliable basis for decision making will lead to disastrous consequences.

关 键 词：英国 拖网渔业 渔业管理 科学决策 

分 类 号：K561.43[历史地理—历史学]