宗教争端的世俗衍化和政治表达——1648年《威斯特伐利亚和约》与神圣罗马帝国的秩序建构  

Secular Transformation and Political Expression of the Religious Conflict:Peace of West phalia and the Order Construction in the Holy Roman Empire

作　　者：王银宏[1] Wang Yinhong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律史学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《史学月刊》2021年第7期101-108,共8页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划资助项目;教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“从‘政治契约'到‘帝国基本法';神圣罗马帝国的‘公法'阐释研究”(19JHQ072)。

摘　　要：宗教改革不仅引起了德意志地区的教派分裂和宗教争端,而且使神圣罗马帝国的权力关系和政治实践也受到宗教信仰分裂的影响。1648年《威斯特伐利亚和约》结束了“三十年战争”,与其他的帝国法律、习俗共同成为实现帝国内部和平与安全的基础。《威斯特伐利亚和约》不仅为欧洲确立起一种新的政治秩序,而且在很大程度上解决了神圣罗马帝国内部诸侯的权力地位和利益问题,为帝国确立起多种宗教共存的基本规则。《威斯特伐利亚和约》旨在通过政治化和法律化的方式解决宗教争端,通过宗教宽容和政治保障来建构帝国内部的世俗秩序与宗教秩序,使宗教信仰上的“真理问题”消解于世俗政治秩序和社会秩序的建构之中。但是,神圣罗马帝国本身的制度性缺陷使其无力解决诸多内外危机,帝国所处的特殊地理位置及其所具有的“开放性”等“帝国”特性也使其实现内部的和平与秩序面临着重重困难。The Protestant Reformation not only caused the religious division and religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire,but also affected the power relations and the political practice of the Empire.The Peace of West phalia,which ended the Thirty Years’War,with other imperial laws and conventions became the basis of peace and security within the Empire.The Peace of West phalia not only established a new political order for Europe,but also resolved the power relations and interests of the dukes,princes and cities in the Empire to a large extent.It aimed to solve the religious conflict by political and legal means,and to construct the secular and religious order through religious tolerance and political guarantee.Consequently,the"truth of religious belief"was resolved in the construction of secular order.However,the institutional defects of the Holy Roman Empire made it unable to solve many internal and external crises.The special geographical location of the Empire and its characteristics such as"openness"also determined that it was difficult for the Empire to realize the internal peace and order.

关 键 词：神圣罗马帝国 宗教改革 三十年战争 1648年《威斯特伐利亚和约》 宗教平等 

分 类 号：K51[历史地理—历史学]